过去分词

什么是宾语补足语？英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,letect.Ex.Wethinkhimclever.Whathesaidmademeangry.Weconsidertheanswercorrect.EveryonecallshimTom.(宾语)(宾补)宾语补足语的表现形式：带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+直接宾语（名词或代词）+宾语补足语用过去分词充当宾语补足语1.过去分词作宾语补足语，表示其动作已经完成或结束。能用宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成(P13)的意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。Eg.Afterwakingup,Ifoundeveryonegone.Thespeakerraisedhervoicetomakeherselfheard.Theyfoundtheirnewbikesstolen.1.表示状态的动词keep，leave+sb.+done他走了，使/让我们锁在地下室很久。忧心忡忡。躲在阁楼上。一直站在那里。Hewentaway,leavinguslockedinthebasement.worriedalot.hiddenintheattic.standingthere.被动或已完成(状态)2.过去分词用在使役动词have,get,make,let后（1）get/havesthdone①表示让某人做某事Ihavehad/gotmybikerepaired.Thevillagershad/gotmanytreesplanted.②表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”Theoldmanhadhiswristbrokenintheaccident.Iwonderifthisisthecomputeryouwanttohave________(repair).被动或已完成(状态)repaired【注意】1.doing”主动或进行”havesb/sthdoinggetsb/sthdoinge.g:Sorryforhavingyouwaiting.Thecapitaingotthesoldiersmovingforward.Ican’thaveyoutalkingtoyourfatherlikethat.2.havesbdosth/getsbtodosth“使…做…”试对比：Ihavemyfriendrepairmybike.Ihadmybikerepaired.使…一直做…使…开始做…permit(2)makesb/sthdonee.g:Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.用简单的英语，他们成功地使自己被理解。TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodusingverysimpleEnglish.试对比：Imakehimrepeatthiswordfor10times.(3)letsb/sthbedoneletsb/sthdosthlettheworkbedoneletthemandothework3.watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find+sb/sth+done我从没听到别人讲他的坏话。我发觉我的项链不见啦。我很惊讶的是家乡变化如此之大。终于我看到了一间满是珍宝的屋子。Ihaveneverheardhimspokenillof.Ifoundmynecklacegone/missing.Iwassurprisedtofindmyhometownchangedsomuch.Ifinallysawaroomcrowdedwithtreasures.被动或已完成(状态)试对比：Ihearhimshoutingintheroom.Iwatchherpaintthewall.doing主动，正在进行do主动，全过程或经常性动4.过去分词用在表示“希望，愿望，命令”want,wish,like,expect,order+sb/sth+doneTheteacherwouldn’tliketheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。Iwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasure.我们希望工作在下午之前完成.Weexpectedtheworkfinishedbytheafternoon.5.过去分词用在“with+宾语＋done”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。小偷被带进来了，双手被绑在后面。Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。Withmanybrightly-colouredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。doingsth作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系(即主动关系/进行)。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。done作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系(即被动关系/完成)。其动作先于谓语动作。todosth作宾补：表一个将要完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Whathehadsaidmademe________.（surprise）2.Myglassesarebroken.I’llhavetogetthem________.(repair)3.Withherfinger_______tothebrokenvase,mymotheraskedme,“Whodidthat?”(point)4.Thedoctorwarnedhim________oilyfoodaftertheoperation.(noteat)Practise:surprisedrepairedpointingnottoeatUsefulstructure(10m)5.Nobodynoticedhimtheroom.(enter)enter强化训练1.Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.Inthepastfewyears,wehavehadthousandsoftrees____aroundourschool.A.plantB.plantedc.plantingD.beingplantedCB3.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade___tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingBknownC.toknowD.tobeknown4.Hefoundthem____attable___.A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechessBC5.Icanmakeyou___whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourself____inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand;understoodC.tounderstand;understandD.understand;tobeunderstood6.Thegirlaskedhimnottoleavethedoor_____.A.tocloseB.closedC.tobeclosedD.closingBB1.(2004全国卷）Helenhadtoshout______abovethesoundthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard.2.(1996,全国卷)Itiswisetohavesomemoney______foroldage.A.putawayB.keptupC.givenawayD.laidupD高考链接A(把…收起来，放好)（保持良好状态，维修）（分发，放弃，泄露）（收集并储存）