奥斯卡 王尔德 道林格雷

OscarWilde(16October1854–30November1900)Ⅰ.Life•Motherwasasuccessfulwriter•FatherwasIreland'sleadingsurgeon•HeisthesecondsonborninanAnglo-Irishfamily•1871to1874,WildestudiedclassicsatTrinityCollege,Dublin•1874to1878，MagdalenCollege,Oxford,wherehecontinuedhisstudiesandwherehebecameapartoftheAestheticmovement•In1878,AftergraduatingfromOxford,hemarriedConstancein1884inLondon.•In1891,hemetapoetLordAlfredDouglas（而尔弗雷德·道格拉斯）andestablishedahomosexualrelationship•In1895LordAlfred’fatheraccusedWildeofhomosexuality•Lostcaseandarrestedandconvictedforaseriouscriminaloffense•Afterleavingjail,WildebecamearuinedmanbankruptingdivorcingandemigratingtoFrance•In1900diedandburiedinParisⅡ.Literarywork•Novels:ThepictureofDorianGray(道林·格雷的画像)•Fairytales:Thehappyprince(快乐的王子)Theselfishgiant(自私的巨人)Thefishermanandhissoul(渔人和他的灵魂)Thestar-child(星孩)•Poems:Poems(诗集)Sphinx(斯芬克斯)TheballadofReadingGaol(瑞丁监狱之歌)•Dramas:Vera(薇拉)LadyWindermere’sfan（少奶奶的扇子）TheDuchessofPadua（帕杜瓦公爵夫人）Salome（莎乐美）AwomanofNoImportance（无足轻重的女人）TheimportanceofbeingEarnest（认真的重要性）AnIdealhusband（理想的丈夫）•Essays:TheSoulofManunderSocialism（社会主义下人的灵魂）•Letter:DeProfoundis（深渊书简）（从深处）Ⅲ.Quotation•“Weareallinthegutter,butsomeofusarelookingatthestars”我们都在阴沟里，但仍有人仰望星空.•“Theonlywaytogetridoftemptationistoyieldtoit...Icanresisteverythingbuttemptation”摆脱诱惑的唯一方式是被被诱惑,我能抗拒一切除了诱惑.•“Everysainthasapastandeverysinnerhasafuture”每个圣人都有过去,每个罪人都有未来.•“Alwaysforgiveyourenemies-nothingannoysthemsomuch”宽恕你的敌人,没什么能比这个让他们苦恼的了.•“Toliveistherarestthingintheworld.Mostpeopleexist,thatisall”活着是世上最珍贵的,大多数人只是存在,仅此而已.Ⅳ.Contribution：•Inheritinganddevelopingaestheticviewsinhisliterarycreation•Hisaestheticviewssparklikethediamondsscatteringonthegrass.•Neverceasingtoworkforthebeautyofhisliteraryart.•Reconsideringtherelationbetweenartandlife.ThePictureofDorianGrayBackground:DeclineoftheBritishEmpireMonopolycapitalismreplacedfreecompetitionAestheticism:1.ItisaliterarytrendprevailedinEuropeinthemiddleof19thcentury2.Thebasictheoryofitis“artforart’ssake”whichisfirstputforwardbytheFrenchpoetTheophileGautier(戈蒂叶)3.Itplacesartabovelifeandholdsthatlifeshouldimitateartnotartimitatelife4.ArtshouldservenoreligiousmoralandsocialnoranyexceptitselfDorianGrayAhandsomeandnarcissisticyoungmanLordHenryAnimperiousanddecadentdandywhoisafriendtoBasilinitiallyBasilHallwardAnartistwhobecomesinfatuatedwithDorianSibylVaneApureactressJamesVaneSibyl’sbrotherLordHenryBasilHallwardSibylVaneJamesVaneDorianGray“Whenanartistfeelsstronglyaboutaportrait,itbecomesaportraitofhimself,notofthesitter.Theartistpaintsthefaceandbodyofthesitter,butinfactheshowshisownfeelings.”BasilHallwardIncarnationofartistlivingforartrepresentingtheauthor“There’snotingmoreimportantthebeautywillgowithit.Whenyouryouthgoes,yourbeautywillgowithit.Thenyouwillsuddenlydiscoverthatyourlifeisempty.”LordHenrySensualistControlinbackstage“Ilovedyoubecauseyouweremarvelous,becauseyouhadgeniusandintellect,becauseyourealizedthedreamsofgreatpoetsandgaveshapeandsubstancetotheshadowsofart.Youhavethrownitallaway.Youareshallowandstupid”SibylVanePureandinnocentAbandoningartLosingloveandlife“IfitwereIwhowastobealwaysyoung,andthepicturethatwastogrowold!Forthat-forthat-Iwouldgiveeverything!Yes,thereisnothinginthewholeworldIwouldnotgive!Iwouldgivemysoulforthat!”RepresentingcontradictionYieldingtorealityanddesireWalkingcorpseandrunningfleshDorianGrayComment:•Avastvocabularyandthefrequentuseofironicwittoexpresshistheme.•Usingofsymbolsandthecorrespondencebetweenwords,colorsandmusic.•Self-sacrificeforloveandart.•Disgustforthearroganceofthecourtandhighsociety.•Thecrucialneedforreformforthesufferinglowerclasser.一张没有心灵的面孔有如为忧伤画的肖像Thankyou