为获得优质雏鸡和优良生产性能的肉用仔鸡而饲养肉种鸡.

为获得优质雏鸡和优良生产性能的肉用仔鸡而饲养肉种鸡FeedingBreedersforChickQualityandBroilerPerformance安伟捷育种公司沈慧乐译作者:Dr.KennyMacus每只鸡雏所消耗种母鸡料与每只肉仔鸡的耗料量相比*Layerfeedperchickcomparedtofeedperbroiler*(引自：adaptedfromCalini,2006)每只雏鸡所需饲料FeedperChick每只肉仔鸡所需饲料FeedperBroiler肉种鸡总消耗量＝45公斤TotalLayerFeedConsumed=45kg活重＝2.474公斤，40日龄Liveweight=2.474kgat40daysofage鸡雏总数＝145TotalChicks=145饲料转换率＝1.72FCR=1.72每只鸡雏所消耗母鸡料与每只肉仔鸡的耗料量相比Layerfeedperchickcomparedtofeedperbroiler*(引自：adaptedfromCalini,2006)每只雏鸡所需饲料FeedperChick每只肉仔鸡所需饲料FeedperBroiler蛋种鸡饲料总消耗量＝45公斤TotalLayerFeedConsumed=45kg活重＝2.474公斤，40日龄Liveweight=2.474kgat40daysofage鸡雏总数＝145TotalChicks=145饲料转换率＝1.72FCR=1.72每只小鸡所耗蛋种鸡饲料=0.31公斤LayerFeedperChick=0.31kg每只肉仔鸡所耗饲料=4.26公斤FeedperBroiler=4.26kg生产1只鸡雏所用的父母代饲料为饲喂1只肉仔鸡饲料量的7.3%TextBox:Thequantityofparentfeedtoproduce1Chickis:7.3%ofthatfedto1broiler成本－－0.09美元对比1.48美元蛋白质/氨基酸Protein/AminoAcids肉种鸡饲料营养的修正NutrientModificationinBreederFeed种鸡饲料营养的修正NutrientModificationinBreederFeed参数Parameter作者Authors15%或17%蛋白质15or17%CP41日龄的饲料报酬FCRat41days(低蛋白组最好)(bestwithlowerCP)Proudfootetal.,1985肉种鸡饲料营养的修正NutrientModificationinBreederFeed参数Parameter作者Authors15%或17%蛋白质15or17%CP41日龄的饲料报酬FCRat41days(低蛋白组最好)(bestwithlowerCP)Proudfootetal.,19859,11,13,15%蛋白组9,11,13,15%CP雏鸡重Chickweight(较高蛋白组最好)(bestathigherCP)LopezandLeeson,199410,12,14,16%蛋白质10,12,14,16%CP雏鸡重ChickWeight(较高蛋白组最好)(bestathigherCP)LopezandLeeson1995a蛋白质/氨基酸Protein/AminoAcids肉种鸡的蛋白质和能量进食量对肉用仔鸡后代生产性能的影响(SprattandLeeson1987aand1987b)Theeffectofproteinandenergyintakeofbroilerbreederhensonperformanceofbroilerchickenoffspring最佳蛋白质水平很快地就被确定了‘Theoptimumproteinlevelisquitesteeplydefined’小鸡重.克蛋白质，克/100千卡蛋白质/氨基酸小结较低的蛋白质和氨基酸水平使小鸡重受到妥协Lowerlevelsofproteinandaminoacidscompromisechickweight.15%粗蛋白水平下的雏鸡质量最佳TheOptimumforChickQualityis;15%CrudeProtein切记受精率!REMEMBERFERTILITY!过量蛋白质对受精率的影响ImpactofExcessProteinonFertility日粮蛋白质％DietaryProtein%至64周龄受精率％Fertility%to64weeks1691.61493.31295.11095.4日粮的能量水平相同Dietscontainedthesameenergylevel.***引自：LopezandLeeson1995能量和蛋白质－结论Conclusion–EnergyandProtein15%粗蛋白浓度对于雏鸡质量是适宜的。15%C.P.densityisadequateforchickquality.每鸡每日440-480千卡能量对于最佳雏鸡质量是适宜的。440to480kcals/bird/dayisappropriateforoptimalchickquality必须考虑种鸡MustConsiderTheTotalNutrientRequirementByTheBreeder及其后代ANDOffspring的总营养需要脂肪FATS比较肉种鸡脂肪来源和/或水平的试验Experimentscomparingfatsourcesand/orlevelsforbroilerbreeders.参考Reference比较的脂肪FatscomparedBrake(1990)鸡油PFBrakeetal.(1989)鸡油PFDenbow&Hulet(1995)豆油，鸡油，鱼油SBO,PF,FOPeeblesetal.(1999a,b)玉米油，鸡油，猪油CO,PF,LAPeeblesetal.(2000a)鸡油，玉米油，猪油PF,CO,LAPeeblesetal.(2000b)鸡油，玉米油，猪油PF,CO,LAFats:PF–poultryfat;SBO–Soybeanfat;FO–Fishfat;CO–Cornfat;LA-Lard脂肪应保持低水平的添加量FatsFatinclusionshouldbekeptlow选用不饱和的脂肪优于饱和的脂肪Preferenceisforunsaturatedfatsratherthansaturated.矿物质Minerals缺乏症的评估DeficiencyAssessment或其or直接营养益处DirectNutrientBenefit种鸡饲喂矿物质对后代生产性能影响一览表Summaryofmineralfedtobreedersshowntohaveaneffectonprogenyperformance生长Growth成活率Liveability免疫功能Immunefunction骨格Skeletal氟FluorideX磷PhosphorousX硒SeleniumX蛋氨酸硒SelenomethionineXX锌ZincXXX锌和蛋氨酸Zinc&methionineXX锰ManganeseXX锌的免疫功能ImmunologicalFunctionsofZn•锌对于发育和免疫细胞的功能是至关重要的。Zniscrucialforthedevelopment,andfunctionofimmuneCells–异嗜白细胞Heterophils–嗜碱细胞Basophils–巨噬细胞Macrophage–T-淋巴细胞T-lymphocytes有机锌的作用机制OrganicZnModeofAction•提高锌的生物学利用率－尤其在应激的条件下•IncreasedZnbioavailability–especiallyunderstressfulconditions.•增强许多金属酶和激素的功能－细胞增殖和代谢•Enhancedfunctionalityofmanymetalloenzymesandhormones–proliferationandmetabolismofcells.•向上调解mRNA对金属酶的重新合成•Up-regulatemRNAfordenovosynthesisofmetalloenzymes.•提高白〔细胞〕介素-2－提高细胞受体对携带铁传递蛋白的亲和力•Increaseinterleukin-2–improvesaffinityofcellreceptorsforZn-carryingtransferrin有机锌OrganicZinc种鸡饲料营养的修正NutrientModificationinBreederFeed指标Parameter作者Authors100毫克锌/仟克+80毫克/仟克蛋氨酸锌100mgzinc/kg+80mg/kgzincmethionine对大肠杆菌攻毒的成活率SurvivabilitytoE.colichallengeFlinchunetal.,(1989)100毫克锌/仟克+40毫克/仟克氧化锌或蛋氨酸锌100mgzinc/kg+40mg/kgzincoxideormethionine细胞免疫力CellularimmunityKiddetal.,(1992)72或82毫克锌/仟克+40毫克/仟克氧化锌或蛋氨酸锌72or82mgzinc/kg+40mgzincoxideorzincmethionate激素免疫力HumoralimmunityKiddetal.,(1993)有机锌和锰OrganicZincandManganese种鸡饲料营养的修改NutrientModificationinBreederFeed参数Parameter作者Authors100毫克锌/仟克+8毫克/仟克蛋氨酸锌100mgzinc/kg+80mg/kgzincmethionine对大肠杆菌攻毒的成活率SurvivabilitytoE.colichallengeFlinchunetal.,(1989)100毫克锌/仟+40毫克/仟克氧化锌或蛋氨酸100mgzinc/kg+40mg/kgzincoxideormethionine细胞免疫力CellularimmunityKiddetal.,(1992)72或82毫克锌/仟+40毫克/仟克氧化锌或蛋氨酸锌72or82mgzinc/kg+40mgzincoxideorzincmethionate激素免疫力HumoralimmunityKiddetal.,(1993)75锌和83毫克锰+75毫克/仟克锌＋80毫克/仟克锰75mgzincand83mgmanganese+75mg/kgzinc+80mg/kgmanganese成活率LiveabilityVirdenetal.,(2003)结论－矿物质Conclusion-Minerals饲料中的推荐水平是为了防止缺乏症FeedRecommendedLevelsToAvoidDeficiency考虑使用有机矿物质ConsiderOrganicMineralsStrategic策略性地使用特定的产品UseOfSpecificProducts维生素Vitamins缺乏症的评估DeficiencyAssessment由于维生素缺乏而使发育完全的鸡胚出现异常现象（承蒙DSM）TextBox:Abnormalitiesofthefullydevelopedchickenembryoassociatedwithvitamindeficiency(courtesyofDSM)异常现象Abnormality维生素VitaminsAD3EKB1B2B6B12尼克酸Niacin泛酸P.acid叶酸F.acid生物素Biotin骨骼SkeletalXXXXX短腿ShortlegsXXXXX生长受阻StuntedXXX卷爪CurledtoeXX趾蹼ToeWebbXX喙BeakXXXXXX水肿OedemaXXXXXX眼分泌物EyeDischargeX肌肉和神经Muscular&ne