非谓语动词用法精讲-done(2)

非谓语动词谓语动词动名词gerund不定式infinitive分词participle1．性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。•不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。•动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。•分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分主语定语宾语表语状语宾语补足语不定式过去分词××v-ing形式•3．语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。过去分词除了作形容词用的动词-ed形式外，动词-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.Givenmoretime,Icouldhavesolvedthatriddle.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.Theexperiencegainedinthearmywasofgreatvaluetoourstudy.anescapedprisoner逃犯=aprisonerwhohasescapedaretiredworker退休工人=aworkerwhohasretiredanewlyarrivedguest新来的客人=aguestwhohasjustarrivedPeopleshouldpayattentiontothechangedsituation.Thestudentsarefullyprepared.Whenwegotthere,theshopwasclosed.要把动词-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态，被动语态表示被动动作。PetertheGreatisburiedhere.PetertheGreatwasburiedherein1725.动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，动词-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremoved.amusing使人高兴的amused开心的encouraging鼓舞人心的encouraged受鼓励的disappointing令人失望的disappointed失望的exciting使人激动的excited激动的puzzling迷惑人的puzzled迷惑的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的Worrying令人烦恼的worried烦恼的tiring引起疲劳的tired疲劳的pleasing令人愉快的pleased高兴的astonishing令人惊讶的astonished惊讶的1.Ourplanis_finishing_(finish)thetaskbeforeMay.2.Tom’sjobwas_guarding_(guard)thefactory.3.Hislectureisinteresting(interest),whichmadeusinterested(interest).4.Thesituationisencouraging(encourage).1在感觉动词see,hear,feel,notice,watch,find等后作宾语补足语。IheardtheNinthSymphonyplayedlastnight.Wefoundalltheriversseriouslypolluted.Icouldn'tgetthecartostartthismorning.Hegothissistertohelphimwithhisclothes.Itisnothardtogethimtalking;theproblemisstoppinghim!①动词-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。Dorisgotherbadtoothpulledoutinthehospital.I'lljustgetthesedisheswashedandthenI'llcome.②动词-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.Youshouldmakeyourviewsknowntothepublic.③动词-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。Theyallwenthome,leavingalltheworkundone.Thedetectiveandhisassistantkeptthemselveslockedintheroomallnight.动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。Icouldn'tgetthecartostartthismorning.Itisnothardtogethimtalking;theproblemisstoppinghim!Canyoureallygetthatoldclockgoingagain?动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词-ed形式，但不可用动词-ing形式。【误】Canyoumakethestudentsunderstandingthetext?【正】Canyoumakethestudentsunderstandthetext?【正】Canyoumakethetextunderstoodbythestudents?④使役动词have后既可接动词-ed形式，也可接动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。三者之间有一定的区别。have不定式动作由have的宾语发出，表示让某人做某事I‘mgoingtohavetheteacheranswerthisquestionafterclass.1.让某人做某事或让某种情况发生。Hehadthecarwaitingoutside.2.常用于否定结构，表示“不容忍”、“不能让”。Wewon‘thavethechildtalkingtohismotherlikethat.④使役动词have后既可接动词-ed形式，也可接动词不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。三者之间有一定的区别。Have1.宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，表示某事由别人做。*Wheredidyouhaveyourhaircut?2.表示主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境。*Thehousehaditsroofblownoff.3.完成某事(自己也可能参与)。*Hehashadonethousandyuansaved.4.否定式表示“不允许”。*Iwon‘thaveanythingsaidagainsther.Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.Shehascomebackwithherbackpackfilledwithinterestingpicture-books.Withoutanymoretimegiven,wecouldn‘tfinishthetaskinthreeweeks.Iwouldlikethismatter(tobe)settledimmediately.Thepeasantsdon'twantgoodfarmland(tobe)builton.3）现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：+sbdo(经常性动作)+sbdoingsth.（正在进行）+sthdone（被动）1.Iusedtoseetheseboys____(play)ontheplayground.2.Isawthem_____(play)thecomputerthisafternoon.3.Shewassurprisedtofindthehouse_____(break)intowhenshewentbackhome.4.Unfortunately,hegothiswallet_____(steal)onthebus.5.Hewon’thaveus_____(criticize)him.6.It’sabadhabittoleavethework______(undo).7.YesterdayIcaughthim_____(take)mydictionarywhenIwentintotheclassroom.单个动词-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。Awatchedpotneverboils.心急锅不开。Allthebrokendoorsandwindowshavebeenrepaired.所有的坏门窗都修好了。我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷Whenwearrived,weeachweregivenaprintedquestionpaper.提示如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。Moneyspentismorethanmoneyearned.入不敷出。作后置定语的动词-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。Wehavereadmanynovelswrittenbythisauthor.(=thatarewrittenbythisauthor)Halfofthehonouredguestsinvitedtothereceptionwereforeignambassadors.(=whohadbeeninvitedtothereception)Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.(=whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents)Awoman,dressedlikealawyer,cameinandtookherseatasjudge.(=whowasdressedlikealawyer)3动词－ed形式作定语和－ing形式作定语的区别动词-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成，而动词-ing形式作定语表示动词正在进行。therisensun升起了的太阳therisingsun正在升起的太阳boiledwater开水boilingwater正沸腾的水fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在飘落的叶子changedcondition改变了的情况changingcondition变化着的情况4）分词作定语：1.Doyouknowtheman_____(speak)atthemeeting?2.Doyouknowtheman_____(praise)atthemeeting?3.Thebuilding_____(put)uplastnowisourlibrary.4.Thebuilding_____(put)upnowwillbeournewcompany.5.Thebuilding_____(put)upnextyearwillbeournewcompany.6.Therewasanoldtemple_____(stand)atthetopofthehill.7.Thereisasportsmeeting_____(hold)nextTuesday.8.Therewasanoldman______(live)inthevillage.动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Se