9 情态动词―专升本复习

情态动词常用的情态动词can（could）may（might）shall（should）will（would）must（must）dare（dared）need（need）havetooughttobeabletousedtoThefeature（特点）ofthemodalverbs:1.情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全.2.不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语.3.情态动词没有人称和数的变化(除“haveto”).4.没有不定式、V-ing、V-ed形式.Hecan/could/must/may/might/shall/should/need/dare/dared/will/would/oughtto/usedto+workinthatfactory.Hehastogohomenow.Hehadtolookafterhissickmother.在情态动词的使用中,我们要注意以下考点:1.情态动词的基本用法。2.情态动词+have+P.P的用法。3.情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。4.情态动词的反意疑问句的用法。5.情态动词特殊短语的用法。6.情态动词表推测的用法归纳1.表“能力”Canyouliftthisheavybox?Icouldn’tunderstandwhathesaidatall.注意：beableto表示经过一番努力后,才能做得到的“能力”.且有多种时态.表示成功完成某一具体工作时，用was/wereableto,而不用could.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout．A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasabletocan,could的用法2.表“请求,许可”could用来表示请求的时候比can更委婉CanyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.CouldIuseyourbike?—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou____．A.mightB.willC.canD.should3.表“可能性”can,could用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性，“经验之谈”Asahumanbeing,anyonecanmakeamistake.can,could用在疑问句中表推测,表示可能性Whatonearthcanthismean?can,could用在否定句中表推测，翻译成“不可能”Wethoughtthestorycouldn’tbetrue.1.Mary____beinParis，forIsawherinthetownonlyafewminutesago．A．mustn'tB．can'tC．shouldn'tD．maynot2.MyMP4playerisn’tinmybag.Where____Ihaveputit?A.canB.mustC.shouldD.would1.表“询问”(might比用may更客气.)MayI…?(=CanI…?)MightI…?(=CouldI…?)MayIborrowyourbook?may与might用法—MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?—________.A.No,youneedn’tB.Not,please.C.No,youmustn’tD.No,youwon’t注意：mayI…?的答语.肯定:Yes,youmay.否定:No,youmustn’t(语气强硬)No,youmaynot.或No,you’dbetternot.2.表“许可”YoumaytaketheboythereHesaidthatImightusehistelephone.—MightIwatchTVaftersupper?—Yes,you________.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.could3.表推测，表示主观上的推测，“可能，也许”，不用于疑问句,might比may的可能性更小Shemaynotlikethisplace.I’mafraidhemightnotlikethisplace.Peter＿＿＿＿comewithustonight，butheisn’tverysureyet．A．mustB．mayC．canD．will1.must表示主观上的必须，应该，没有时态变化。YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.注意:—MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?—Yes,youmust.—No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.must的用法“必须、不得不”must表示的是说话人的主观看法。haveto表示的是客观需要。（是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。）(havegotto)haveto的否定形式表示不必。haveto可用于多种时态中。Youwillhavetocleanyourownbootswhenyoujointhearmy.Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.1.Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you___takecareofyourluggage.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will2.—Musthecometosignthispaperhimself?—Yes,he_______.A.needB.mustC.mayD.will3.Someaspectsofapilot’sjob_____beboring,andpilotsoften_____workatinconvenienthours.A.can;havetoB.may;canC.haveto;mayD.oughtto;must2.must表示肯定的推测,常指有根据的、比较有把握的推测。Thelightisstillon,sohemustbeathome.Lookathisnewcar.He______havealotofmoney.A.shouldB.shallC.mayD.must3.must表示“一定要”、“坚持”“偏要”、“偏偏”。表示与说话人的愿望相反.Ifyoumustgo，atleastwaittillthestormisover．Mustyoumakesomuchnoise？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？—MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must4.mustn’t表示禁止做某事。Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.WhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI______playwithmatches.A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.daren'tshall作助动词，只用于第一人称，表示将来，should是shall的过去式WeshallstartforBeijingtomorrow.shall作情态动词1：用于第一人称和第三人称，表示征求对方意见或请求指示Shallwebeginourlesson?ShallI/shesithere?shall与should用法--Sir,____hegoorstay?--Lethimgo.A.willB.shallC.mightD.could2:shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的允诺、警告、威胁、命令、决心等。Youwantedjustice,soyoushallgetjustice,morethanyouwanted.Youshallhaveanicepresentforyourbirthday.Youshallbesorryforwhatyouhavedone.Whenhecomesinnobodyshallsayaword.Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.(允诺)(允诺)(警告)(命令)(决心)1.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候选人)____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall2.—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—You___havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’t3).shall用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。“Theinterest___bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall1.should=oughtto表示劝告，建议，意为“应该”，oughtto语气更强些，强调“有责任，有义务做”，否定形式：oughtnotto/oughtn'ttoA:I’llstarttheworktomorrow.B:Ithinkyoushouldstarttoday.C:No,yououghttostartatonce.(语气更强）should/oughtto的否定形式表示“不应该”Childrenshouldn’tsmoke.—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—It________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.mustWhattimeoughtI_______?A．arrivedB．arrivingC．arriveD．toarriveHe_______speaktohismotherlikethat.A．oughtnottoB．doesn’toughttoC．notoughttoD．oughttonot2.should可表示说话人的感情如“惊奇”“愤怒”“失望”“不满”等，翻译为“竟然，居然”Idon’tbelievethatthelittlegirlshouldspeaktwodifferentlanguages!我不相信这个小女孩竟然能说两种不同的语言！Ican’tbelievemyeyes.Suchwell-educatedgentleman____behavelikethis!A.wouldB.shouldC.canD.must3.should表推测,意为“可能；该”,相当于beexpectedto。往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述，语气上不如must强。Mr.Blackmustbehomebynow.Mr.Blackoughtto/shouldbehomebynow.布莱克先生现在一定到家了。（肯定）布莱克先生估计是到家了。（不能肯定）2.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They______bereadyby12：00．A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need3.It’snearlyseveno’clock．Jack_____behereatanymoment．A．mustB．needC．shouldD．can1.—WillMr.Wangofferusahand?—He______begladto．Heneverrefusedourrequest．A．canB．mustC．mayD．should1.will作情态动词用时在陈述句