现在完成时与现在完成进行时--英语

GrammarPresentperfecttensePresentperfectcontinuoustensePresentperfecttenseWeformthepresentperfecttensewithhave/hasandthepastparticipleoftheverb.现在完成时的构成have/has+done(过去分词)现在完成时的用法1.现在完成时表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.含义是现在已经有电脑了。Hehasgivenupdrinking.含义是他现在已经不喝酒了。HehasgonetoBeijing.她已经到北京去了。含义是：她已前往北京，或在途中，或已到过．现在人不在这里。HehasbeentoBeijing.她曾到过北京。含义是：她去过北京。表示一种经历，说话时她还在这里。have／hasgonetohave/hasbeento2.现在完成时可以表示过去发生而持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。这一用法通常都要与for…,since…等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。Shehaslivedhereformorethantenyears.她已在此住了10多年了。含义是她可能现在已不住在这里，也有可能再住下去。ShehasstudiedEnglishsince2004.她从2004年起就开始学习英语。for后接的是时间段since后接时间点，而且后面跟的是过去时间。现在完成时不能和明确的时间状语（lastweek,justnow,in1949,yesterday等）连用，但可以和不明确的时间状语（如：already/yet,recently/lately,ever/never,just,twice/threetimes等）连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语（如：thismorning,today,now,thisweek/month，sofar等）连用。Ithasbeencoldthiswinter.今年冬天一直很冷。（说话时还是冬天。）在过去几年中，我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。Thereweregreatchangesinourhome-towninthepastfewyears.Therehavebeengreatchangesinourhometowninthepastfewyears.[析]In/Duringthepast/last+复数名词是完成时态的标志之一。[误][正]1.Ithascomehereforafewweeks.2.ShehasjoinedthePartyforseveralweeks.××Itcamehereafewweeksago.Ithasbeenhereforafewweeks.ShejoinedthePartyseveralweeksago.ShehasbeenaPartymemberforseveralweeks.一定要注意，像come,join,marry,leave,die,arrive,begin,stop等这样的瞬间动词，它们所表示的动作是在一刹那间或很短的一段时间内完成的；因此，瞬间动词的现在完成时的肯定式不可与表示时间段的时间状语连用。他父亲离开祖国已经50年了。[析]瞬间动词的完成时的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。Hisfatherhasbeenawayfromhishomelandforfiftyyears.Hisfatherlefthishomelandfiftyyearsago.Hisfatherhaslefthishomelandforfiftyyears.[×]Ihavereceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.注意：瞬间动词的现在完成时的肯定式不可与表示时间段的时间状语连用；瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.×√1）It/Thisisthefirst/secondtime....that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.这是我第一次访问这城市。这是我第一次听他唱歌。Thisisthefirsttime（that）I’veheardhimsing.注意：Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.用于现在完成时的句型典型例题（1）---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcomingBThisisthefirsttime后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it'sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecomeDever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。Ihavelostmypen.Ilostmypenyesterday.看下列句子，并指出所用为什么时态，以及原因（Lookatthefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhattenseortensesareusedinthemandthereasonswhytheyareused.）1WehavestudiedEnglishforaboutfiveyears.Webegantostudyitfiveyearsago.2Ericlefthomelastyearandhasjustcomeback.3Justinhasbeenawayfromhomeforseveraldays.HedisappearedlastFriday.4Theyboughtthishousethreeyearsagoandtheyhavelivedheresincethen.5Mybrotherwenttoseemygrandpalastweek.Hehasvisitedhimthreetimesthismonth.PracticeThetaperecorder_________(be)outoforderlastweek.We______________(have)itrepairedthedayBeforeyesterday.It___________(be)ingoodconditioneversince.We____________(know)eachothersincewe_____________(be)boys.washadhasbeenhaveknownwereExercise:Page8MyfriendJackhasjustsentmeane-mail,tellingmeabouthistravelsaroundtheworld.Hehasjustbeen(justbe)toQomolangmaBaseCampand_____(see)aYetithere.Heisstillveryexcitedaboutit.He_________(visit)theGreatPyramidinEgypttoo.Hesaysthathe______(love)Egyptbuthe____________(notvisit)allthepyramidsyet.sawhasvisitedloveshasn’tvisitedHe_________(swim)inLochNess,butluckilyhe_____________(nevermeet)theLochNessMonster!He__________(dive)intheIndianOceanmanytimeslookingfortreasure.Althoughhe_______(find)manysunkenships,he__________(notfind)anytreasure.______he____(be)totheGreatWallbefore?I’mnotsure—butIhave.hasswumhasnevermethasdivedhasfoundhasn’tfoundHasbeenThepresentcontinuoustense现在完成进行时构成have/has+been+现在分词doing现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时表示在过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作，这一动作很可能还要延续下去。Shehasbeentalkingtomesinceshesawme.瞬间动词（如：finish,marry,getup,come,go等）不能用现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时常和allthismorning,thesefewdays,allnight,thismonth,recently等状语以及since和for所引导的状语短语或从句连用。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的主要区别1）现在完成进行时着重表示动作的延续性，而现在完成时着重表示动作的结果。Shehasreadthisbook.Shehasbeenreadingthisbook.Ihaveworkedhereforthreeyears.Ihavebeenworkingherefor3years.现在完成时可表示反复发生的动作，提问时用howmanytimes。而现在完成进行时则表示持续的、不间断的动作，提问时用howlong。•IhavevisitedEgypttwicethismonth.•HowmanytimeshaveyouvisitedEgypt?•IhavebeenvisitingEgyptfortwomonths.•HowlonghaveyouvisitedEgypt?havebeenobservinghavebeentalkinghavebeentakinghavebeenwatchinghaveseenhavebeenwriting---IamsorryI______________(keep)youwaitingsolong.---itisallright.I__________________(read)thenewspapers.CCTV_____________________(broadcast)Englishprogrammeseversine1977.havekepthavebeenreadinghasbeenbroadcastingpractice1.______thatdresswhenIfirstsawyouatthestation?A.WereyouwearingB.HaveyouwornC.DidyouwearD.doyouwear2.―Katedoesn’tlookverywell.What’swrongwithher?―Shehasaheadachebecauseshe______toolong;sheoughttostopwork.A.hasbeenreadingB.hadreadC.isreadingD.wasreading3.“Tellthestudentstostopshouting.We______ouressays.”A.writeB.havebeenwritingC.arewritingD.havewritten4.Myuncle,Sam,______managerofthefirm.A.hasjustmadeB.isjustbeingma