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11设计内容及任务(一)设计内容乙醇-水溶液连续板式精馏塔设计(二)设计任务处理能力:3.6万吨/年,每年按300天计算,每天24小时连续运转。原料乙醇-水溶液:7.4%组成(乙醇的质量分数)产品要求:塔顶产品组成(质量分数):≥38.2%塔底的产品组成(质量分数):≤0.1%1)塔型选择根据生产任务,若按年工作日300天,每天开动设备24小时计算,产品流量为265.3kmol/h,由于产品黏度较小,流量增大,为减少造价,降低生产过程中压降和塔板液面落差的影响,提高生产效率,选择浮阀塔。2)操作条件(1)操作压力:塔顶压强为常压101.3kPa(2)单板压降:0.7KPa(3)进料状况:30°C冷夜进料(4)回流比:自选(5)加热方式:间接蒸汽加热(6)冷却水进口温度:30°C一、塔的工艺计算a1工艺过程物料衡算工艺过程1.1物料衡算FW=7.4%DW=38.2%46/Mgmol乙醇18/Mgmol水F=265.3kmol/hFX=水乙醇乙醇)(MWMMWFF/1/W/F0.030329481.0)/MW1/MWMWDDD水乙醇乙醇(DXhkmolXXXXFDWDwF/66.36)(塔底产品流量:hkmolDFW/64.22866.363.2651.1表1物料衡算数据记录F265.3kmol/hFX0.0303D36.66kmol/hDX0.1948W228..64kmol/hWX0.00039由图(在《化工原理》(第三版,王志魁)265P页)查出组成0303.0FX的乙醇-水溶液泡点为95.7°C,在平均温度为(95.7+30)/2=61.35下,由《化工原理》(第三版,王志魁)附录查得乙醇与水的有关物性为:(数值为在范围内的一个估值)乙醇的摩尔热容:3.0246138.92/()mACkJkmolK乙醇的摩尔汽化潜热:914.24642053.2/()ArkJkomlK水的摩尔热容:)./(3.75kkmolkJCmB水的摩尔汽化潜热:2392.861843071.48/BrkJkmol比较水与乙醇的摩尔汽化潜热可知,系统满足衡摩尔流的假定。加料液的平均摩尔热容:)/(19.77)0303.01(*26.750303.0*92.138KkmolkJXCXCCBmbAmamp加料液的平均汽化热:r=kmolkJXrXrrBBAA/6.43040)0303.01(*48.430710303.0*2.4205311.1)(1rrTCqmp1.2最小回流比及操作回流比的确定由于产品纯度不高,故可采取塔顶进料,无回流,只有提留段操作,从而达到节约成本的目的。31.3理论及实际塔板数的确定(1)由相平衡方程式1(1)xyx,可得(1)(1)yxxy根据乙醇-水体系的相平衡数据可以查得:1948.01Dxy)(0255.01塔顶第一块板x00039.0wx)(00287.0塔釜wy因此可以求得:312.610255.00255.011948.01948.01111111yxxy946.8100039.000039.0100287.000287.011平均相对挥发度的求取:514.7946.8312.61W用逐板法计算理论板数相平衡方程yyyyx514.6514.7)1(000039.0106.70005699.00005699.000426.004260.03119.00)(0303.003119.01948.0543432321211xxyxxyxxyxxyD加料板包括塔釜共四块(2)根据乙醇-水体系的相平衡数据可以查得:塔顶:1948.0Dx,0.83Dt°C塔釜:5106.7Wx,100Wt°C塔顶和塔釜的算术平均温度:t=91.5°C由《化工原理》(第三版,化学工业出版社,王志魁)书中附表12查得:在91.5°C下,smPa7.30乙醇,smPa92.0水4根据公式lglgLmiix得304.01029.0lg0303.0137.0lg0303.0LM(1)由奥康奈尔关联式:%02.40304.0514.749.0)(49.0245.0245.0LTEC求解实际塔板数5.7%02.40141TTENN取N=81.4塔的结构设计1.4.1塔径的计算A.查得有关乙醇与水的安托因方程:乙醇:1652.05lg(/)7.33827(/)(/)231.48sBPkPaATKCTK得:1652.05[7.33827]0(/)231.4810TKAP水:1657.46lg(/)7.07406(/)(/)227.03sBPkPaATKCTK得:1657.46[7.07406]0(/)227.0310TKBP将00,ABPP代入00AABBPxPxP进行试差,求塔顶、进料板、及塔釜的压力和温度:1)塔顶:1101.3PkPa,0255.01xxA试差得℃7.951t2)塔釜压力:kPaPw9.10687.03.101塔釜:5106.7WAxx,kPaPw9.106试差得℃6.1011t求得塔内的平均压力及温度:℃65.9827.956.101tkPaP1.10429.1063.101B.平均摩尔质量的计算:塔顶:kmolkgMVDM/45.2318)19481(461948.0kmolkgMLDM/714.1818)0255.01(460255.0塔釜:kmolkgMVWm/70.1818*)00287.01(46*00287.05kmolkgMLwm/01.1818)00039.01(4600039.0平均摩尔质量:kmolkgMMMVWMVDMVM/765.202kmolkgMMMLWMLDMlM/362.182表2平均摩尔质量的计算塔顶VDmMkmolkg/45.23平均摩尔质量LDmMkmolkg/71.18塔釜VwmMkmolkg/08.18VmMLmMLwmMkmolkg/01.18kmolkg/765.20kmolkg/362.18C.平均密度的计算:1)汽相平均密度计算:VmPMRT汽相平均密度:3/699.065.9815.273314.8765.201.104mkgRTMPVmmVm2)液相平均密度计算:1iLiw塔顶:3/02.740mkgA,3/16.970mkgB3/28.94716.97003119.012.74003119.011mkgwwBBAALDm塔釜:3/6.724mkgA,3/70.959mkgB,45551094.118106.7146106.746106.7)1(BAAAAAAMxMxMxw6得:344/6.95916.9701094.116.7241094.111mkgwwBBAALDm液相平均密度:kmolkgLm/44.95326.95928.947表3液相平均密度的计算塔顶A3/02.740mkg塔釜A3/6.724mkgB3/16.970mkgB3/70.959mkgAw0.03119Aw41094.1LDm3/28.947mkgLDm3/6.959mkg精馏段液相平均密度Lmkmolkg/44.953D.液体平均表面张力计算液体平均表面张力按下式计算:Lmiix塔顶:℃7.951t,由《化工原理》(第三版,化学工业出版社,王志魁)附录二十mmNA/9.16,mmNB/8.60mmNxxBALDm/43.598.60)03119.01(9.1603119.0)1(11塔釜:℃6.101wt,查附录:mmNA/5.15,mmNB/2.60mmNxxBALWm/2.602.60)106.71(5.15106.7)1(5511液体表面平均张力:mmNLm/815.5922.6043.597表4液体平均表面张力计算塔顶1t℃7.95塔釜wt℃6.101AmmN/9.16AmmN/5.15BmmN/8.60BmmN/2.60LDmmmN/2.60LwmmmN/2.60液体表面平均张力LmmmN/815.58E.液体平均黏度计算:液体平均黏度按下式计算:lglgLmiix塔顶:℃7.951t,查由《化工原理》(第三版,化学工业出版社,王志魁)附录十二smPaA37.0,smPaB29.0得:smPaLDm291.01029.0lg)03119.01(37.0lg03119.0塔釜:℃6.101wt,查附录:smPaA30.0,smPaB27.0得:smPaLWm270.01027.0lg)106.71(30.0lg106.755液体平均黏度:smPaLm2805.02270.0291.0表5液体平均黏度计算塔顶1t℃7.95塔釜wt℃6.101AsmPa37.0AsmPa30.0BsmPa29.0BsmPa27.0LDmsmPa291.0LwmsmPa270.0液体平均黏度LmsmPa2805.0F.气液相体积流率计算:8汽相体积流率:smVMVVmVmS/302.0699.03600765.2066.3636003液相体积流率:smLMLLmLmS/00122.044.9533600362.1864.22836003表6气液相体积流率计算sVsm/302.03sLsm/00122.03G.塔径的确定塔径的确定,需求maxLmVmVmC=CC92.36699.0699.044.953,C由下式计算:0.220()20LCC20C由Smith图查取。取板间距0.35THm,板上液层高度0.05lhm,则0.350.050.30TlHhm(1)精馏段塔径的确定:图的横坐标为1492.0699.044.953302.000122.02121VLSSVL查smith图,smith图9得05.020CC0.062maxLmVmVmC=CC92.36699.0699.044.953=2.29m/s取安全系数为0.75,则空塔气速为:sm/7175.129.275.0则塔径muVDS473.07175.1302.044(2)按标准塔径圆整后,mD5.0(故采取整块式塔板结构)塔截面积:22219625.05.044mDAT实际空塔气速为:smAVuTS/539.119625.0302.01.4.2塔的有效高度的计算有效高度:10.354.9ZNm精精()mNZ45.235.0)18(35.0)1(塔顶间距:H1=(1.5~2.0)HT,取H1=2×0.35=0.7m塔底空间高度:H2=1.5m塔高:H=0.7+1.5+2.45=4.65m2塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算102.1溢流装置计算因塔径D=0.5m,可选用单溢流弓形降液管A.堰长lw单溢流:lw=(0.6~0.8)D,取lw=0.6×0.5=0.3mB.溢流堰高度hw因为hl=hw+how选用平直堰,堰上液层高度how可用Francis计算,即32100084.2whowllEh液体收缩系数
本文标题:乙醇-水溶液连续板式精馏塔设计
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