The Bible and Christianity

TheBibleandChristianityContents1234GeneralIntroductionTheOldTestmentTheNewTestmentTranslationsofBible1GeneralIntroduction1.1ChristianityandJudaism•Amongallthereligionsbywhichpeopleseektoworship,ChristianityisbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest.•Judeo-ChristiantraditionconsitutuesoneofthetwomajorelementsofEuropeanculture.•BothChristianityandJudaismoriginatedinPalestine—thehubofmigrationandtraderoute.1.2TheHebrews•Some3,800yearsagotheancestorsoftheJews—theHebrews—wanderedthroughthedesertsoftheMiddleEast.•About1300B.C.,theHebrewscametosettleinPalestine,knownasCanaanatthattimeandformedsmallkingdoms.•Theirhistorywashandeddownorallyintheformoffolktalesandstories,whichwererecordedlaterintheOldTestament.2TheOldTestment2.1AnIntroductiontotheOldTestment•TheBibleisacollectionofreligiouswritingscomprisingtwoparts:theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.•TheOldTestamentconsistsof39books,theoldestandmostimportantofwhicharethefirstfivebooks,calledTorah,orPentateuchinChristianity.《摩西五经》2.2Torah•Genesis，《创世记》：•AreligiousaccountoftheoriginoftheHebrews,includingtheoriginoftheworldandtheman,thecareerofIssacandthelifeofJacobandhissonJoseph.AbrahamIssacJacob•InthebeginningGodcreatedtheheavenandtheearth.•Andtheearthwaswithoutform,andvoid;anddarknesswasuponthefaceofthedeep.AndtheSpiritofGodmoveduponthefaceofthewaters.•AndGodsaid,Lettherebelight:andtherewaslight.(Genesis1:1-1:3)•SoGodcreatedmaninhisownimage,intheimageofGodcreatedhehim;maleandfemalecreatedhethem.•AndGodblessedthem,andGodsaiduntothem,Befruitful,andmultiply,andreplenishtheearth,andsubdueit:andhavedominionoverthefishofthesea,andoverthefowloftheair,andovereverylivingthingthatmovethupontheearth.(Genesis1:27-1:28)•Exodus，《出埃及记》：•AreligioushistoryoftheHebrewsduringtheflightfromEgypt,theperiodwhentheybegantorecieveGod'sLaw.•Around1300B.C,Moses,hefamousHebrewleader,ledtheHebrewsoutofthePharaoh'sslavery.Thejourneylastedfortyyears.•Leviticus，《利未记》：•Acollectionofprimitivelaws.•Sacrificeandritual,（献祭与祭司）•JewishPriesthood,（与神相交）•Uncleanlinessandpurity,（不洁与清洁）•Atonement,（受膏）•Holiness.（圣灵）•Numbers，《民数记》：AcontinuationoftheaccountoftheflightfromEgyptwithtwocensusesabouttheExodus.Wanderedaroundthewildness.CametotheMontSinai.GotacrosstheJordanRiver.•AndtheLORDspakeuntoMosesinthewildernessofSinai,inthetabernacleofthecongregation,onthefirstdayofthesecondmonth,inthesecondyearaftertheywerecomeoutofthelandofEgypt,saying,•TakeyethesumofallthecongregationofthechildrenofIsrael,aftertheirfamilies,bythehouseoftheirfathers,withthenumberoftheirnames,everymalebytheirpolls.(Numbers1:1-1:2)Thefirstcensus,atthewildnessofSinai.•TakethesumofallthecongregationofthechildrenofIsrael,fromtwentyyearsoldandupward,throughouttheirfathers'house,allthatareabletogotowarinIsrael.(Numbers26:2)Thesecondcensus,beforeacrossingtheJordanriver.•Deuteronomy，•《申命记》：•ThefinalwordsofMosestotheHebrewpeople,restatinghisordersandfiftyyears'experienceasaleader.•ThebookconsistsofthreesermonsorspeechesdeliveredtotheIsraelitesbyMosesontheplainsofMoab,shortlybeforetheyenterthePromisedLand.•TenCommandments2.2.1TheFallofMan•GodmadeAdaminhisimagefirst.•InordertomakeAdamahelpfulmate,GodmadeEvethewomanbyAdam'sribtobehiswife.•AndAdamsaid,Thisisnowboneofmybones,andfleshofmyflesh:sheshallbecalledWoman,becauseshewastakenoutofMan.•Thereforeshallamanleavehisfatherandhismother,andshallcleaveuntohiswife:andtheyshallbeoneflesh.(Genesis2:23-2:24)•GodmadeAdaminhisimagefirst.•InordertomakeAdamahelpfulmate,GodmadeEvethewomanbyAdam'sribtobehiswife.•AndAdamsaid,Thisisnowboneofmybones,andfleshofmyflesh:sheshallbecalledWoman,becauseshewastakenoutofMan.•Thereforeshallamanleavehisfatherandhismother,andshallcleaveuntohiswife:andtheyshallbeoneflesh.(Genesis2:23-2:24)•Beforeeatingtheforbiddenfruit,mandidn'tdieandknewgoodandevil.•Theserpent,alsoknownasSatanseducedAdamandEvetostealtheforbiddenfruitandeatit.•GoddroveAdamandEveoutoftheGardenofEdenandmultipliedtheirsorrows.•AfterAdamandEvensettelingthemselevsontheearth,theirdescendantsmultipliedandpassedotheknowledgeofwickness.Therefore,Goddecidedtoputanendtohuman'slife.OnlyNoahwasexcluded.2.2.2Noah'sArk•ItisbecausemenwerecorruptthatGoddecidedtoputanendtotheirlifeandtheentireworldGodmade.•ButGodcommandedNoahtotakeeverylivingthingofafleshintohisark,twoofeverysort,theyshouldbemaleandfemale.•AndtheLORDsaid,IwilldestroymanwhomIhavecreatedfromthefaceoftheearth;bothman,andbeast,andthecreepingthing,andthefowlsoftheair;foritrepentethmethatIhavemadethem.•ButNoahfoundgraceintheeyesoftheLORD.(Genesis6:7-6:8)•Thefloodlasted150days,Noahdiedattheageof950.•Aftertheflood,Noah'sdescendantsmultipliedinvariousplaces.Later,variousnationsofancientcivilizationcameintobeing.TheHebrewsbelongedtooneoftheSemitictribes.•Around1900B.C,adescendentofNoahwereledbyAbraham,whowasoncecalledAbram.HetookGod'scommandmentandtoldhispeoplethattheyshouldnotworshipothergodsexceptforYahweh.Asareward,GodpromisedthemthelandofCanaan.（应许之地）Abraham'ssacrificeofhissonIssactoGod.•Unfortunately,aseriousdroughtdrovetheHebrewstoEgyptforshelter.•TheHebrewswerefirstwelcomeinEgy