精读a view of mountains

Unit4AViewofMountainsJonathanSchellWarm-upquestionsandexercises1.Intheworld,what’sthemosthorriblethingtoyou?2.WasAmericajustifiedindroppingtheatomicbombonJapan?BackgroundInformation1.Abouttheauthor—JonathanSchell:HewasawriterfortheNewYorkerfrom1967to1987andacolumnistforNewsdayfrom1900to1996.HeteachesatWesleyanUniversityandtheNewSchool.HisworksinvolvesTheVillageofBenSueandTheFateoftheEarth.HislatestbookTheunconquerableworld:power,nonviolence,andThewillofThepeople《不可征服的世界：力量，非暴力和人民的意志》Thistextistheepilogue(lastpart)fromhisbookTheGiftofTime:TheCaseforAbolishingNuclearWeaponsNow《时代礼物：废止核武案例》in1998.2.ThetwoA-bombcities→TheNagasaki(长崎)isacitywhichistheseaportinsouthwestJapanandisoneofthetwocitiesthatgotnuclearbombingintheWarII.TheHiroshima(广岛)isacitywhichistheseaportinsouthwestJapanandisthefirstcitythatgotnuclearbombingintheWarII.TheKokura(小仓)referstothecitywhichistheseaportinKitakyushu(九洲),Japan.HiroshimabombingNagasakibombing3.AboutthePhotographer:YosukeYamahataSpecialMissionIn1945,YosukeYamahatawasa28-year-old-photographeronassignmentwiththeWesternArmyCorpsnearNagasaki.OnAugust9,threedaysafterthebombingofHiroshima,newsofasecondNew-StyleBombingwasreceivedbytheCorpsandYamahatawassentimmediatelytophotographitsaftereffects.HisphotosHisphotosHisphotosHisphotosHisphotosNagasakitwodaysbeforetheatomicbombingNagasakithreedaysaftertheatomicbombingTheatomicbombmushroomcloudoverNagasakionAugust9,1945PhotographbyHiromichiMatsudaHumaninjuriescausedbytheatomicbombDeaths:about74000Injuries:about75000(estimatesuptotheendofDecember1945)Heatrays,blastandradiationoftheatomicbombcauseddamagetothehumanbody.Heatrayswastremendousandcausedsevereburnswhichcouldn’tbeimaginedbytheordinaryburn.Whenthesymptombecameserious,thepatientsskinturnedintoarunningsore脓疮andsubcutaneous（皮下的）tissuesandboneswereexposed.TheshapeoftheatomicbombPlutonium239wasusedintheNagasakiatomicbomb.Itwas3.2minlengthand1.5mindiameterand4.5toninweight.Itwasnicknamed“Fatman”becauseofitsshape,whichismoreroundishthantheHiroshima-typebomb(“alittleboy”).(afull-sizemodelofthebombisdisplayedatNagasakiAtomicBombMuseum).NagasakibeforethebombingandnowNagasakithrivedastheportforEuropeantradeandculturalexchangeduringtheperiodofnationalisolationofJapan.ShipbuildingindustryprosperedinNagasakiasthemarinetransportationbusinessdeveloped.Duringawarthereweremajorshipyard造船所andarmamentfactories军工厂.AftertheatomicbombinginhabitantsinNagasakiCitydevotedtheirefforttogiveaidtothesurvivorsandtoreconstructthecity.Now,NagasakiCityisknownasacityofmarineproductsindustryandtourismaswellasshipbuilding.PresentNagasakiAboutatombombAsinglenuclearweaponcontainsalmosttentimestheexplosiveforcedeliveredbyallofthealliedairforcesintheSecondWorldWar.–PresidentJohnF.KennedyAbombcannowbemanufacturedwhichwillbe25.000timesaspowerfulasthatwhichdestroyedHiroshima.-BetrandRussellAviewofmountainsAviewofmountainsTextStructureThisargumentativeessaycomprisesthreeparts.Inthefirstpart,i.e.Paragraph1,thewriterputsforwardhisthesis:aviewofmountainsinthebackgroundsuggeststherealextenttowhichthecitywasdestroyedbytheatomicbombingInthesecondpart,Paragraphs2-3theauthorarguesthatthebombingofNagasakiismorerepresentativeofthenuclearperilthreateningtheworldthanthatofHiroshimaandthatweneedtotakeactionstodispelnuclearthreatfromtheEarth.Inthelastpart,i.e.Paragraph4,herestateshismainidea,i.e.weshouldnotjustworryaboutthenuclearperilbuttaketheactionstoeliminateittocreateasaferworld.AnalysisoftheTextPartIItdescribeswhatYamahata’spicturesdisplay:theeffectsofanuclearweapononhumanbeing.Qs:1.WhydoestheauthorthinksthatY’spicturescomposesthefullestrecordofnucleardestructioninexistence?Becausetherearefewpicturesofthedestructiveconsequencesofthefirstatomicbomb.Incontrast,Y’sphotossystematicallyandtimelyrecordtheeffectsofthesecondbombonNagasaki.WoundedhorseandaqueergirlPart2Inthispart,thewriterfirstclaimsthatthebombingofNagasakiisthefittersymbolofthenucleardangermenacingtheworld;thenhearguesthatweshouldnotjustapprehendthenuclearperilbuttrytodispelitfromtheearth.Forthispurpose,hemaintainsthatpicturetakingisnotenoughandactioniscalledfor.Part3(para4)Thewritercallsonustotaketheresponsibilityofcreatingasaferworldfornewgenerations.Q.Whatshouldwedotoensureasaferworldforthefuturegenerations?Accordingtothetext,oneofthethingsweshoulddoistomakeeffortstobanishnuclearperilfromtheEarthforever.Howeverthereareotherthingstobeconsidered.Thelastparagraphcanbeputinto:Once,peoplewerebroughttothisworldwhichwassafetolivein.Butnowthey(oreverymemberofhumanrace)canliveonlyif,outofourfaithandwill,wemakethem.Performingthatactisthegreatestresponsibilityofuswhoarealivenow.Thebiggestgiftoftimeislifeifweknowhowtoreceiveiti.e.,whethertocherishitorruinit.weensuretheirrighttoexist…weguaranteeasafelivingenvironmentforthem.Ensure:make(something)certaintohappenEg:Followingtheplanecrash,theairlineistakingfurtherstepstoensurepublicsafetyonitsaircraft.