名词 专题复习

专题一名词考试要求：1区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词用法。2掌握不可数名词及其量的表达方式。3熟练运用名词复数规则、不规则变化。4熟练掌握名词所有格的用法。专有名词(人名、地名)普通名词个体名词pen，doctor集体名词family、people物质名词coal、water抽象名词work、news不可数名词可数名词名词单复专有名词(ProperNouns):表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称。①、表示某一特定的人、月份、周、日、节日、地名、团体、机构、组织等。②、表示独一无二的事物。③、前面一般不加冠词。④、首字母要大写。表示日子的专有名词表示地名的专有名词December十二月SpringFestival春节Teachers’Day教师节Asia亚洲China中国Beijing北京表示人的专有名词表示机构的专有名词YaoMing姚明Newton牛顿Beckham贝克汉姆theUnitedNations联合国TsinghuaUniversity清华大学一）可数名词单数的表达:一般可用a，an，one来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前*ausefulbook*anEnglishbook名词的数flowerflowers找规律,总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxes情况加法例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词以辅音＋y结尾的词以辅音+o结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies多数加-es把f/fe改成vesBrothers;schoolsBuses;watches;dishesLadies;countries;Heroes;tomatoesHalves;leaves;二）可数名词复数的规则变法：1.一般情况下在词尾加S.词尾读音shop---shops(商店)在清辅音后读[s]bag---bags(书包)在浊辅音后读[z]window---windows(窗户)在元音后读[z]2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词在词尾加esclass---classes(班级)词尾读音[iz]box---boxes(盒子)match---matches(比赛)brush---brushes(刷子)3.以“辅音+y”结尾的词，变y为i加es.story---stories(故事)词尾读音[iz]4.以“元音字母+Y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加Skey---keys词尾读音[z]monkey---monkeys5.以“o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”,但个别加“es”tomato---tomatoes(西红柿)词尾读音[z]potato---potatoes(土豆)zoo---zoos(动物园)photo---photos(照片)*（以“o”结尾，复数加“es”）口诀：黑人(negro)英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)6.以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为ves.leaf---leaves(树叶)词尾读音[vz]knife---knives(小刀)*（以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe变ves的单词）口诀：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己（self）命，半(half)片树叶（leaf）遮目光注：有些以f结尾的名词变为复数时后面直接加s.海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。gulf海湾roof屋顶chief首领serf农奴belief信仰proof证据handkerchiefs/handkerchieves手帕7.不规则名词复数的变化man---men(男人)woman---women(女人)tooth---teeth(牙齿)foot---feet(脚)goose---geese(鹅)child---children(儿童)mouse---mice(老鼠)louse---lice（虱子）Fishdeersheep*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人a变e；鹅，足，牙oo变ee；虱子老鼠也好记，ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。8.单复数相同的情况：sheep;deer;fish;works;Chinese;Japanese以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu只有复数形式的情况：trousers,glasses,shoes,glovesapairof9.以an结尾或其他表示民族、国家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加s。如：Australians，Italians，Germans等。注：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）不变英（Englishman-Englishmen）法(Frenchman-Frenchmen)变，其余s加后面10.复合名词的复数形式：1.词末+-s:appletrees/boystudents/girlplayers2.主体名词变为复数形式：editors-in-chief3.当名词和man,woman连用时，两个部分都变，womendoctors;mencooks这种形式的第一个名词必须是man或woman不可数名词的计量法1.以“容器”计量,常用于装在容器的物质acupofcoffee一杯咖啡threebowlsofwater三碗水abottleofink一瓶墨水twobagsofrice两袋大米aboxofbiscuit一盒饼干不可数名词的计量法2.以“与物体形状有关的名词”计量,常用于固体物质aloaf/pieceofbread一块面包aslice/pieceofcake一块蛋糕apieceofcoal一块煤abarofchocolate一块巧克力不可数名词的计量法3.以“重量单位”计量atonofwater一吨水twokilosofrice两公斤大米threepoundsofmilk三磅牛奶不可数名词的计量法4.用“piece/item”计量,常用于与媒介物,宣传工具等有关的内容。apiece/anitemofnews一条新闻apieceofadvice一条意见apiece/anitemofinformation一份情报apieceofwork一件工作（福州）---I’mthirsty.MayIhavesomethingtodrink?---OK.Here’ssome______.A.riceB.breadC.water(宁波)---Excuseme,wherecanIexchange______?----Thereisabankonthesecondfloor.A.booksB.foodC.moneyD.stamps—Wouldyoupleasepassmesomethingtodrink?—Whataboutsome______?A.beefB.fishC.juiceD.bread【2012广西玉林】36.—Whatisyourfavoritefood?—Ilike______best.Ihadalargebowllastnight.A.potatonoodleB.potatoesnoodlesB.C.potatonoodlesD.potatoesnoodles【2012贵州贵阳】34.“Whatdoweneedforthesalad?”“Weneedtwoapplesandthree______.”A.orangeB.tomatoesC.broccoli17.Howmany______doweneedtomakefruitsalad?—Twoshouldbeenough.A.cabbageB.potatoesCbananasD.lemonThelittlebabyhastwo_______already.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teethsThese_________havesavedmanychildren’slives.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctor该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。---It’sdangeroushere.We’dbettergooutquickly.---ButIthinkweshouldlet_______gooutfirst.A.womanandchildrenB.womenandchildC.womanandchildD.womenandchildrenAretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_______?A.Children’sDayB.Childrens’sDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrenDayCouldyoupleasegetmesome_______?I’mhungry.A.appleB.waterC.breadD.egg----Youlooksohealthy.----Yeah,Ilikeeatingapples.Anappleadaykeepsthe____away.A.teacherB.workerC.farmerD.doctorThe______hastwo_______.A.boys;watchesB.boy;watchC.boy;watchesD.boys;watch根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty________walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof________.(Lucy)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachers’knivesvegetablesminutes’Lucy’sMike's________and________areonthebed．（）A．short；trouserB．short；trousersC．shorts；trousers（2018新疆）Hurryup!Some___and___areonsaleinthesupermarket.（）A．tomato；eggB．tomatoes；eggC．Tomatoes；eggsD．tomato；eggs（2018凉山州）Manyforeignerscametoourschoollastweek，includingthree___andfour___．（）A．German，AmericanB．Germans．AmericanC．Germans．AmericansD．German，Americans（2014?黔东南州）Look!Therearesomeonthefarm．（）A．chickenB．gooseC．sheepD．cow看例题识所有格1.Beijingisthecapi