英语国家概况PPT-美国

TheUnitedStatesofAmericaGeographyandPeopleContentsGeography1Climate3NaturalResources4People5MajorCities2Watchthefollowingmapcarefullyandfindcluestothefollowingitemslocation(borderingneighbors)States(thesmallest&thelargeststate)SizeandLocationInthecentralpartofNorthAmerica(exceptAlaskaandHawaii)CanadaonthenorthMexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouthAtlanticOceanontheeastPacificOceanonthewesttotalarea—9.5millionsquarekilometers;Thewholecountryincludes50statesandafederaldistrict,theDistrictofColumbia—theseatoftheFederalGovernment.Statesoriginal48statesAlaskaandHawaiibecamethe49thin1867and50thstatesin1959.AlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanadaHawaiiliesinthecentralPacificOceanAlaska—thelargest(1717,854sqkm)RhodeIsland—thesmallestTexas—thelargestonthemainland(695,621sqkm)1.ThreeGeographicalDivisionsGeographicalDivisionsCentralpartEasternpartWesternpartTheEasternPartTheeasternpart—thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亚山系).onesixthofthenationalterritoryrelativelylow,withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevelTheWesternPartHighplateaus(高原)andmountains—formedbytheGreatCordilleraRange（科迪勒拉山系）,extendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth.Onethirdofthecountry’sterritoryRockymountainswithanaveragealtitudeofmorethan3000metersabovesealevels.TheGreatCentralPlain（中部大平原）BetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewesthalfofAmerica’slandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFallsThefiveGreatLakes:LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,LakeOntario.LakeSuperior:thelargestfreshwaterlakeofitskindLakeMichigan:whollywithinUnitedStatesNiagaraFalls(尼亚加拉大瀑布)NiagaraFalls--locatedontheU.S.–CanadianborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntario.NiagaraFalls2.MainGeographicalRegionsNewEnglandRegion(新英格兰地区)TheMid-AtlanticStatesRegion（大西洋中部地区）TheSouthRegion（南部地区）TheMidwestRegion（中西部地区）TheWestRegion（西部地区）TheRegionoftheGreatPlains(大平原地区)Alaska(阿拉斯加地区)Hawaii(夏威夷地区)NewEnglandincludingsixstatesinthenortheasterncornerfeaturedwithmountains,valleysandriversMassachusetts:thelargestpopulationRhodeIsland:thesmallestinsize,themostdenselypopulatedstateNotafarmingarea,poorsoilEarliestsettlers:EnglishProtestantsNewENGLANDTheMiddleAtlanticRegionSixstates↗north:NewEngland↘south:thesouthregionImportant:a.¼populationb.1/3productsMarkedbyitsindustry,“IndustrialNortheast”,manylargefactoriesRichinmineralsgoodsoil+temperateclimate=agricultureisimportantManyimportantcities:NewYork,PhiladelphiaTheSouthRegionalargesectionofUS,including11statesfavorableclimate→agriculture,greatprofitsbyraisingandsellingcottonandtobaccoThenorth:industrial(工业的)thesouth:agrarian(农业的，土地的)greatsizewithfewlargecitiesNewOrleansMiamiAtlantaBirminghamAmericanSouthernAreaTheMidwestRegionIncludes8statesFertilesoil→abundantcrops→knownasthecountry’s“breadbasket”Center:Chicago,Illinois,thethirdlargestcitySearsTower:at443meters,oneofworld’stallestbuildingsTheRegionoftheGreatPlainsInclude6statesMarkedbya.thesmallestpopulationb.fewlargecitiesc.vastnessofflatlandd.poorsoile.littlerainsinmanypartsIndiansarenativeshere.1/5ofthecountry’sIndiansarenowlivinginthestateofOklahoma.TheWestRegionOccupyavastarea,including11statesTheareaoftheRockyMountains+allterritorywesttotheRockyMountainsasfarastothePacificOceanMountainousarea:muchoftheland,cannotbecultivated↗toohighandmountainous↘toolowanddryCaliforniadominatesthewholeregionPrinciplecities:SanFrancisco,LosAngelesandSeattleOregon&CaliforniaAlaskaInthenorthwesternpartofNorthAmericaAsaworldofglaciers(冰河),waterfallsandlakesFishingisthechiefeconomymainagricultureoutput—seafoodindustrialoutputs—crudepetroleum(原油),naturalgas,preciousmetals,seafoodprocessing,timber,andtourism,etc.AlaskaHawaiiTheclimatehereiscomfortableandthetemperatureusuallyremainsclosetotheaverageof24degreescentigradeHonolulu(火奴鲁鲁，檀香山):thecapital,thelargestcityofthesatePearlHarbortouristbusiness—largestsourceofincomeHawaiiHawaiiDance3.RiversandLakesInthesystemofGulf:TheMississippiRiverthelongestandthemostimportantriverinthesystemoftheGulf(墨西哥湾水系).Knownasthe“fatherofwaters”toAmericanIndiansAsMarkTwainwasraisedontheriver,hismostpopularandimportantwritingsareconcernedwiththisarea．TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn（《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》）tellsthestoryofhowtheboyHuckleberryFinnandhisblackfriendJim,arunawayslave,saileddowntheMississippionaraft.InthesystemofthePacific:theColumbiaRiverandtheColoradoRiverInthesystemoftheAtlantica.ThePotomacRiver(波托马克河)flowthroughthecapital,Washingtonb.TheHudsonRiver(哈得孙河)linkedbycanalswiththefiveGreatLakesflowsthroughthestateofNewYorkClimateMajority:temperateSome:subtropicalzonesOnlyFloridaandHawaii:tropical50centimeterrainfalllineintheeast—comparativelymorerains,soeasyagriculture;inthewest—muchlessrain(lessthan50cm.ayear)withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific.NaturalResourcesrichinmineralresourcesamongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal,ironoreandoil.aboundsinlead,copper,zinc,alumi