基于单片机的DC-DC变换器的研究

西北民族大学毕业设计本科毕业论文设计题目：基于单片机控制的DC-DC变换器研究学生姓名：学号：专业：电气工程及其自动化指导教师：学院：电气工程学院西北民族大学毕业设计基于单片机控制的DC-DC变换器设计专业：电气工程及其自动化姓名：指导老师：摘要本毕业设计通过网上和图书馆获取资料，在查询了DC-DC变换器的特点和发展状况后，了解了它在实际生产应用方面的不足。第一，能量传输由高频变压器来完成是DC-DC变换器会有的一些不足，开关电源一般工作在几百KHz以上，因此会产生电磁干扰，故可能会影响其自身或其它系统的正常工作；除此以外，开关电源也存在输出电压纹波较大的问题。设计一种基于单片机控制的DC-DC变换器可以弥补它在应用方面的不足。于系统的实现上，单片机因具有计算机的基本组成部分与功能，又具备体积小，电路精简、故障概率低、可靠性高及成本低等优点，因而被应用于DC-DC变换器PID控制系统的实现。本系统通过输出PWM信号由单片机控制三极管的通断，达到控制电压的输出，模数转换器则转换输出信号并反馈给单片机分析和处理，使系统变为闭环。本设计分模块详细地阐述了升降压型DC-DC开关电源以及其控制、反馈电路的设计，分为单片机控制输出电压、DC-DC变换、单片机闭环参和控制DC-DC的输出，三个阶段说明此变换器的实现原理。西北民族大学毕业设计本设计应用软硬件相结合组成的实际控制系统。设计过程主要分成以下几个部分：算法确定，程序编写，结构模型建立，电路设计，总结。关键词开关电源，单片机，PWM，闭环控制，ADCAbstractThegraduationprojectbyqueryingthedata,thedevelopmentandapplicationofDC-DCconverter,knowthelackofproductionapplications.DC-DCconverterhasitsownshortcomings,oneofwhichistheapplicationofhigh-frequencytransformerforenergytransmissiondevice.SwitchingpowersuppliestypicallyoperateatmorethanafewhundredKHz,produceelectromagneticinterference,itmayaffecttheirownorothersystemtoworkproperly;addition,theswitchingpowersupplyoutputvoltageripplelargerissues.Designedforthedeficienciesintheapplicationofanewmicrocontroller-basedcontrolDC-DCconverter.Intheimplementationofthesystem,themicrocontrollerbasiccomponentsandfunctionsofacomputer,butalsowithsmall,streamlinedcircuit,lowfailureprobability,highreliabilityandlowcost,whichisappliedtotheDC-DCconverterPIDcontrolsystemisachieved.ThesystemadoptedbythemicrocontrolleroutputPWMsignaltocontrolswitchingtransistoroff,thusachievingthepurposeofcontrollingtheoutputvoltage,theADCistoconverttheoutputsignalandthefeedbacktothemicrocontrolleranalysisandprocessing,toformaclosed-loopsystem.Thesub-moduleofthedesigndetaileddescriptionofthedesignofthebuck-boostDC-DCswitchingpowersupplyandcontrol,thefeedbackcircuit,dividedintosingle-chipcontroltheoutputvoltage,DC-DCconversion,single-chipclosed-loopparametersandcontroltheoutputoftheDC-DCthestagesofthisconverterrealizationoftheprinciple.DesignandApplicationoftheactualcontrolsystemconsistingofacombinationofhardwareandsoftware.Thedesignprocessisdividedintothefollowingsections:西北民族大学毕业设计algorithmtodeterminetheproceduresforthepreparation,structuremodeling,circuitdesign,summedup.Keywords:SwitchingPowerSupply;Microcontroller;PWM;Closed-loopControl;ADC目录1.1设计背景..........................................................................................................................11.2电源技术的发展与方向..................................................................................................21.2.1开关电源和线性电源...........................................................................................21.2.2电源技术的发展方向.............................................................................................31.3课题研究内容、目的及意义..........................................................................................3第2章系统的总体设计及算法确定.............................................................................................42.1DC-DC变换器基本介绍...................................................................................................42.1.1DC-DC变换器基本工作原理.............................................................................52.2总体方案设计论证..........................................................................................................62.2.1系统功能与组成简介...........................................................................................72.2.2主要方法和技术分析...........................................................................................82.3PID算法控制..................................................................................................................8第3章系统硬件电路设计...........................................................................................................103.1总体分析控制系统的硬件电路....................................................................................103.2设计单片机最小系统....................................................................................................113.2.1AT89C51管脚功能及特点介绍........................................................................113.2.2设计最小的系统电路.........................................................................................133.3组成系统的硬件电路....................................................................................................153.3.1设计控制电路系统.............................................................................................153.3.2设计DC-DC变换电路......................................................................................163.3.3设计数据采集电路.............................................................................................163.3.4设计人机界面电路的...........................................................................................18第4章设计系统软件部分...........................................................................................................194.1设计系统软件部分........................................................................................................194.1.1软件系统的逻辑控制.......................................