年产15万吨电解铝的铝电解车间设计

第1页年产15万吨电解铝的铝电解车间设计专业：冶金工程学生：王鹏指导老师：党晓娥设计总说明我国是当今世界的产铝大国，铝的性能优越，并且可以与其他多种金属构成各式各样的合金，在国民经济的各个部门广泛应用，成为不可缺少的金属材料。现代铝工业有三个主要生产环节：（1）从铝土矿提取纯氧化铝（2）用冰晶石—氧化铝熔盐电解法生产金属铝（3）铝加工。此外还有两个辅助环节：炭素电极制造和氟盐生产。铝电解槽是炼铝的主要设备，本文在分析了大量文献资料和实地调研的基础上，对铝电解槽结构进行了设计计算，对生产电解铝工艺过程的能量平衡进行了计算，以熟悉铝电解过程，并在计算的基础上，对主要设备进行选型和车间平面设计及总图运输方案确定。本文也介绍了电解过程物理化学反应，铝电解质体系的性质，电解槽的启动和常规作业流程以及电解车间设计的基本原理。关键词：铝，电解槽，能量平衡，设计第2页AluminumPlantDesignofAnnualOutput150,000TonsAluminumSpeciality:metallurgicalengineeringStudent:WangPengInstructor:DangXiaoEDesignDescriptionChinaistheworld'slargestaluminumproducingcountries,Al'ssuperiorperformance,andtheotherwithawiderangeofmetalalloys,inthenationaleconomywideruseofthevariousdepartments,becomeanindispensablemetalmaterials.ModernAluminumIndustrialproductionhasthreemaincomponents:(1)Extractfromthebauxite-alumina(2)withcryolite-moltenaluminumelectrolysisaluminumproduction(3)aluminiumfabrication.Therearealsotwosupplementarylinks:carbonelectrodemanufacturingandfluoridesaltproduction.Lianlvaluminiumcellisthemainequipment,thepaperintheanalysisofalargenumberofliteratureandfieldresearchonthebasisofaluminiumcellstructureofthedesign,electrolyticaluminumproductionprocessoftheenergybalanceiscalculatedtofamiliarwiththealuminumElectrolysisprocess,andinthecalculationonthebasisofmajorequipmentselectionandworkshopgraphicdesignandthetotaltransportschemefortheplans.Thispaperalsointroducedtheelectrolyticprocessofphysicalandchemicalreactions,electrolytealuminumnatureofthesystem,thestart-upcellandconventionalelectrolysisprocessesandthebasicprinciplesofdesignworkshops.Keywords:Aluminum,EnergyBalance,ElectricCell，Design第3页目录1绪论.............................................................11.1铝及相关介绍...................................................11.1.1铝的简介.................................................11.1.1.1铝的发现...........................................11.1.1.2铝的特性...........................................11.1.1.3废铝的回收再利用...................................31.1.1.4铝的用途...........................................51.1.2我国铝土矿分布状况.......................................61.1.2.1我国铝土矿资源概况及分布...........................61.1.2.2资源状况...........................................61.1.2.3资源特点...........................................71.1.2.4我国铝土矿储量分布.................................81.1.3铝的工业制取方法.........................................81.2电解铝的发展现状...............................................91.3电解铝的市场供应状况..........................................101.4我国电解铝技术存在的问题......................................111.4.1电解槽寿命..............................................111.4.2阳极质量................................................121.4.3电流密度................................................121.4.4电流效率................................................131.4.5过热度..................................................141.4.6铝电解槽初晶温度和过热度的控制技术......................151.4.7工业铝电解槽电解质初晶温度和过热度的测量................151.5预焙槽炼铝的生产技术..........................................161.5.1铝电解槽的预热..........................................161.5.2预焙槽的启动............................................181.5.3预焙槽的启动后期........................................191.5.4病槽及病槽治理..........................................201.6低温铝电解....................................................231.6.1低温铝电解的研究........................................241.6.2低温铝电解的展望........................................251.7设计内容与目的................................................252电解槽设计及相关计算............................................262.1基础计算......................................................262.2铝电解槽结构参数的确定........................................27第4页2.3铝电解槽的电压分配............................................312.3.1极化电动势..............................................312.3.2电解质电压降............................................322.3.3阳极电压降..............................................332.3.4阴极电压降V阴..........................................342.3.5铝母线电压降、阳极效应均摊电压V效应均摊....................342.4物料平衡......................................................352.4.1物料平衡计算............................................352.4.2物料平衡列表............................................362.5能量平衡......................................................362.5.1计算方法与基础条件......................................372.5.2能量平衡计算............................................372.5.3能量平衡列表............................................432.6铝电解槽炭阳极与阳极炭块......................................442.6.1阳极炭块及炭块组........................................442.6.2预焙阳极操作............................................462.6.3炭阳极生产工艺及设备流程................................462.6.3.1原料库和沥青库....................................482.6.3.2煅烧..............................................492.6.3.3破碎磨粉工段及配料混捏............................492.6.3.4成型、焙烧........................................502.6.3.5主要设备..........................................50参考文献..........................................................53致谢.............................................................54专题：电解铝厂污染物及治理........................................55第1页1绪论1.