AncientGreekAchitecture古希腊建筑雕塑英文版

AncientGreekArchitectureGroupMembers:LiMiao,WangPingone•ArchitectureFeaturesofAncientGreektwo•TypicalarchitecturesofAncientGreekthree•SculptureofAncientGreek•Theirthoughtsaboutarchitecture:Givehuman’sbeautytobuildings•Style:Simple,Magnificent,Naturalandpermanent•Material:Fromwoodtostone•HighestContribution:Columniation•OutstandingWork:TheParthenonontheAcropolisThistypeofarchitecturebeganwiththeGreeks,buthaspersistedthroughouttheagestoliveontoday.BriefIntroductionGreekarchitectureisaveryspecificandinfluentialtypeofdesign.Specificdimensionalcompositionofgoldenratio[‘reiʃiəu]（黄金比例构成的特定平面）Mostofthearchitecturesarerectangular[rek’tæŋɡjulə](onascaleof1:1.618or1:2)inshape,essentiallyconsistedofahallsurroundedbycolumns.（平面构成为1:1.618或1:2的矩形，中央是厅堂，大殿，周围是柱子，可统称为环柱式建筑））Threefamouskindsofcolumns/orders(柱式)Decorationofpediment(山花墙装饰）ONE.FeaturesoftheGreekArchitectureTheTempleofHeraI(“Basilica”),Paestum,c.550B.C.Centralisalivingroom,hall,surroundedbycolumns,canbecollectivelyreferredtoasCentralpillarconstruction.（中央是厅堂，大殿，周围是柱子，可统称为环柱式建筑。）1.SpecificdimensionalcompositionPlansofAncientGreekTemples1.SpecificdimensionalcompositionThetemplewasconstructedusinga4:9ratioinseveralaspects.Thediameterofthecolumnsinrelationtothespacebetweencolumns,theheightofthebuildinginrelationtoitswidth,andthewidthoftheinnercellainrelationtoitslengthareall4:9.（柱径/柱间距=建筑高/建筑宽=内厅宽/内厅长=4.9）Togivetheillusionoftruestraightlines,thecolumnsleaneversoslightlyinwards,afeaturewhichalsogivesaliftingeffecttothebuildingmakingitappearlighterthanitsmaterialwouldsuggest.Also,thestylobate(柱基)orfloorofthetempleisnotexactlyflatbutrisesslightlyinthecentre.Thecolumnsalsohaveentasis,thatis,aslightfatteningintheirmiddle,andthefourcornercolumnsareimperceptiblyfatterthantheothercolumns.1.Specificdimensionalcompositionabove:CapitaloftheIonicOrdershowingvolutesandornamentedechinusleft:ArchitecturalelementsoftheDoricOrdershowingsimplecurvedechinusofcapitalright:CapitaloftheCorinthianOrdershowingfoliatedecorationandverticalvolutes.2.ThreeKindsofOrders•TheDoricorderistheoldestandmostsimpleorder.Thecolumnshavenobaseandthecolumnshaveaverysimplecapital.ArchaeologistsbelievethatDoricarchitecturalbuildings,whichwerebuiltinstone,evolvedfromwoodenbuildingsthatwereverysimilar.TheDoricstyleissimpleanditrevealsthemales’strength.2.1DoricTheParthenonwouldbecomethelargestDoricGreektemple,althoughitwasinnovativeinthatitmixedthetwoarchitecturalstylesofDoricandthenewerIonic.☆Parthenon,440BC.(帕提侬神庙)☆LincolnMemorialisintheformofaGreekDorictemple.(林肯纪念堂)2.1Doric•TheIonicorderisalwaysdecoratedwithspiral（螺旋形的）orvolute（涡形的）ornaments.It’sslimandmuchmorelikeagentleandgracefulyounglady.2.2Ionic•TheCorinthianorderisusuallydecoratedwithleavesandfloralpatterns.ItisfancierandheavierthantheIonicstyle.2.3Corinthian3.DecorationofPediment•Greektemplewithapediment(Sicily)Greektemplewithapediment(Sicily)•Thepediment（山花墙）isthetriangularplaceundertheroofofaGreektemple.Eachtemplehastwo,oneonthefrontandoneontheback.Atfirstpedimentswereprobablyplain,butsoontheGreeksbegantodecoratepedimentswithstonesculpture.Oneoftheearliestpediments,onthetempleofArtemisontheislandofCorfu,hasascaryMedusaonit.LaterGreeksculptorsputwholescenesonpediments,usuallyoneexcitingpartofawell-knownmyth.TempleofArtemis,Corfu(ca.580BC)----OneoftheearliestpedimentsTempleofAphaeaatAegina(ShowstheTrojanWar)3.DecorationofPedimentTWO.TypicalArchitecturesBesidesaboveall,Greekcitieshadmanydifferenttypesofspecializedbuildings.DifferenttypesofarchitecturesbeganwiththeGreeks,buthavepersistedthroughouttheagestoliveontoday.Theywouldbecomestaplefeaturesoftownsandcitiesfromantiquityonwards,suchastemples,theatres,andstadia,stoas.Parthenon：TheTempleofHeraI2.1TemplesStadiaarestillacommonpartofmostschools,andthesebuildingsbeganwiththeGreeks.PartsofancientGreekstadiawerewrestlinggrounds,whichwereopentotheoutside,andrunningtracks.2.2StadiaStoaswerealotliketemples,butwereextralong,andsometimestheywereeventwoorthreestorieshigh.Thesebuildingswerebigbecausetheywereusedaslargegatheringplacesforthepublic,suchasmarketplaces,publicoffices,andplaceswherepeoplecouldstrollandmeetotherpeople.2.3StoasTheatreperformancesandplayswereabigpartofGreeklife,sotheatreswereanimportantpartofGreekcities.Usually,theywerebuiltintoahillside,wherethepubliccouldsitalongthehillsandwatchtheaction.Inlargecities,sometheatrescouldsittensofthousandsofpeople!2.4TheatreAncientGreeksculpturewereusedtodepictthebattles,mythology,andrulersofthelandknownasAncientGreece.THREE.AncientGreeksculptureTheVictoriousYouth(c.310BCE).GoddessofPallasOldmenbehindthetempleofZeusThankyou!