8下英语知识点总结

Unit1What’sthematter?一、基础知识1.What’sthematter?怎么啦？出什么事情了？What’sthematterwithyou?=What’sthetroublewithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?你怎么了？【注】：matter和trouble为名词，其前可加the或形容词性物主代词，wrong是adj.不能加the2.haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒haveafever发烧haveacough咳嗽haveastomachache胃疼，肚子疼haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache头疼3.muchtoo+形容词，意为太......，toomuch+名词，意为很多，大量。4.enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。goodenough足够好，enoughmoney=muchmoney5.liedown躺下，lie躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied6.maybe“或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybeyouareright.maybe，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。Hemaybeangry.soundlike+名词代词和从句：Itsoundslikeyoudon’tknowthetruth.Itsoundslikeagoodidea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，Themusicsoundsnice.7.need需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；needtodosth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：Youneedtolistencarefullyduringclass.8.getoff(thebus)下（公交车）geton上车11.agree同意，赞同；agreewithsth.同意某事如：Iagreewiththatidea.agreetosb.同意某人的意见如：IagreetoLiLei.12.trouble问题，麻烦；beintrouble遇到麻烦，maketrouble制造麻烦，havetrouble(in)doingsth.=havedifficulties(in)doingsth做......有麻烦。13.rightaway=rightnow=atonce，意为马上。14.advice[不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见，givesb.adviceonsth.就某事给某人建议；advise[动词]advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事exercise练习、锻炼当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词即可加s当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词即不加s15.beusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态；Hisgrandpawasusedtocountrylife.Maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.16.runout用完，用尽Whenhiswaterrunout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.物sth.runout.某物用尽了。人sb.runoutofsth.人用尽了某物。Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.17.risk(sb.)todosth.冒险去做某事takearisk=takerisks冒险18.theimportanceof(doing)sth.（做）某事的重要性Westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceof(learning)English.importancen.重要（性），importantadj.重要的，19.makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.。20.beinthecontrolof…掌管，管理Theheadmasterisinthecontrolofthisnewschool.beoutofcontrol无法控制，无法管理beundercontrol被控制住，在控制之中21.minddoingsth.介意做某事,Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?27.giveup(doing)sth.放弃（做）某事，giveup(playing)computergames；Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks1.cheer(sb.)up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来Thegoodnewscheeredupeveryoneinourclass.2.giveout分发；散发，相当于handout，Theteacherisgivingout/handingoutthetestpapers.givesth.outtosb.意为把某物分发给某人。3.volunteertodosth.自愿做某事4.alone：独自一人的，无感情色彩：指人Themusicianenjoyedlivingaloneandwritingsongshimself.lonely（感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。指内心孤独Thelonelyboyisnotlonelynow.5.careforsb./sth.照顾；照料……6.such“这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词such+a/an+形容词+单数名词：suchagoodday多么美好的一天/suchanexcitingmatch多么精彩的比赛such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：suchimportantdecisions多么重要的建议suchdeliciousfood多么美味的食物如果名词前被many,much,few,little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：somanysickchildren/solittletime7.tryoutfor…参加…选拔，争取成为…tryout试用，试验8.bebusywithsth.忙于（做）什么事情bebusydoingsth.忙于（做）什么事情9.trydoingsth.试着去做某事trytodosth.尽力去做某事tryone’sbest(todosth.)尽某人最大的努力去做某事10.beworriedaboutsb./sth.=worryaboutsb./sth.担心某人、某事11.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.=havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难12.fixup修理=repairUnit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?1.couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash?彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？Couldyoupleasedosth?请你（做）......好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly./Noproblem.否定回答：Sorry,Ican’t2、takeout取出（v+adv）takeoutthetrash倒垃圾takeawalk散步takeaway拿走，取走takeback收回takeplace发生takeoff脱下起飞takeawalk去散步takearest休息takecareof照顾takeoff脱下；起飞takeup占据takedown拿下takeone’stime不急；慢慢来takeone’stemperature量体温3.dothedishes洗碗4.atleast至少；atmost至少，不超过5.finishdoingsth做完某事6.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语“某人（主语）也不”⑴neither两者都不neither…nor…既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定NeitherTomnorJimisastudent⑵表达“…也不……”则用“Neither/Nor+be/V助/V情+主”—Thefirstonewasn’tbad.—Neitherwasthesecond.7.find用法：find→found→foundv寻找(1)findsb.doingsth发现某人做某事(2)findit+adj.+todosth发现做某事很……◆finditdifficult/hardtodosth发现做某事很困难8.toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是insurprise吃惊地besurprisedat对……感到吃惊9.need,must引导的一般疑问句肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t—MustIgotherenow?—Yes，youmust/No,youneedn’t10.share分享；共用sharesth分享或共用某物sharesthwithsb.与某人分享某物11.borrow/lend/keep(1)borrow借入,与from连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】borrowsthfromsb.从某人那里借某物Youcanborrowthebookfromthelibrary.(2)lend借出,与to搭配【指借出去】lendsbsth=lendsthtosb把某物借给某人Hedoesn’twanttolendhisbooktoothers.(3)keep保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】12.tryv试图，设法，努力(1)tryon试穿(2)trytodosth努力做某事【侧重尽力做】(3)trydoingsth试图做某事【侧重尝试做】(4)tryone’sbesttodosth=doone’sbesttodosth尽某人最大努力做某事13CouldIaskyoutohelpmewithsomechoresthen?那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？短语含义asksb.todosth请某人做某事asksb.nottodosth不让某人做某事asksbforsth向某人要某物askforhelp寻求帮助14.helpsb.dosth.=helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事15.CouldIinvitemyfriendstoaparty?我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？（1）invitesb.todosth邀请某人做某事(2)invitesb.to+地点邀请某人去某地16.havetime=befree有空17.awasteof浪费awasteoftime浪费时间18.spend/pay/cost/take花费(1)spend→spent→spentv花费,主语是人◆sb.+spend+时间/钱+onsth◆sb.+spend+时间/钱+（in）doingsth(2)pay→paid→paidv支付，主语是人◆sb.+pay+钱+forsthIpay10yuanforthebook.(3)cost→cost→costv花费，主语是某物或某事◆sthcostsb.+钱某物花费某人多少钱(4)take→took→takenv花费◆Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间Ittakeshim3hourstodohishomework.19.inorderto“目的是；为了”后接动词原形。inordertodosth为了做某事20getonwellwithsb.与某人相处得好21.get/gotosleep(fallasleep)入睡相关：(beasleep睡着)beawake醒着22.providev提供providesth.fors