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英语人教版专题九名词性从句专项知识一、名词性从句的连接词1.从属连词that,whether和if(1)that,whether,if在从句中不充当任何成分,只起到连接从句的功能。that没有实际意义,而whether,if意为“是否”。(2)whether与if的用法比较二者均可作“是否”讲,都可以引导名词性从句,引导宾语从句时可以互换。Idon’tknowwhether/ifhe’llattendthemeeting.在下列情况下,常用whether,不用if。专项知识答题技巧对点集训专项知识①whether引导从句可以放于句首。Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifference.②whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句,if不可。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthtrying.Thequestionwhetherheshouldjointheteamhasnotbeendecidedupon.③whether可以作介词宾语,if则不可。Ihaven’tsettledtheproblemofwhetherI’lllendhimthemoney.④whether后可以加不定式,if不可。Hedidn’tknowwhethertogetmarriedortowait.专项知识答题技巧对点集训专项知识⑤可以用whether...or引导让步状语从句,意为“无论,不论”,if则不可。Whetheritrainsorsnows,Idon’tcare.2.连接代词引导名词性从句的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用,同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。3.连接副词引导名词性从句的连接副词有:when,where,how,why。连接副词在句中既是连接词,又作状语。专项知识答题技巧对点集训专项知识二、主语从句1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不可省;what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语;whatever,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。Thatshewillsucceediscertain.→Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.Whatheneedsismoreexperience.专项知识答题技巧对点集训专项知识(1)It+系动词+形容词(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,normal等)+that从句Itiscertainthatmostofthefarmershavebroughtinmoremoneybyallmeans.(2)It+be+名词(短语)(apity,ashame,goodnews,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder等)+that从句It’snowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.专项知识答题技巧对点集训专项知识(3)It+be+过去分词(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,wellknown,announced等)+that从句Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingouttheexperiment.(4)It+特殊动词(seem,appear,happen,matter)+that从句IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.注意:(1)在“Itisnecessary,important,strange,natural+that从句”结构中,从句常用“(should+)动词原形”形式。(2)在“It+be+suggested,advised,ordered,requested,insisted,required+that从句”结构中,that从句应用“(should+)动词原形”。专项知识答题技巧对点集训专项知识三、宾语从句1.动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词(hope,tell,say等)可以带宾语从句。Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.Idon’tthinkyouareright.Idon’tsupposehecares,doeshe?(2)动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.专项知识答题技巧对点集训专项知识(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)有hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,seeto等。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfull.2.一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.注意:(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。Wecouldseethetemplequiteclearlyfromwherewelived.(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的,只有在except,in,but等介词后偶尔可能用到。Yourcompositionisquitegoodexceptthattheorganizationisabitloose.专项知识答题技巧对点集训专项知识3.sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。I’msurethattheywillmakeitinspiteoftheterribleweather.四、表语从句1.主句的主语是idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”的形式。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)changeourcourse.2.主语为名词reason时,表语从句中的连接词要用that,而不用why或because。专项知识答题技巧对点集训专项知识Thereasonforsuchaseriousaccidentisthatthedriverwastoocarelessanddranktoomuch.3.because,asif,asthough,as,like等连接词也可引导表语从句。Hehasheartdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.五、同位语从句同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。1.能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought等。专项知识答题技巧对点集训专项知识2.同位语从句一般用that引导,但也可以用连接代词(what,which,who)、连接副词(when,where,why,how)或whether引导。Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后,而是被别的词隔开。ThestorygoesthatWilliamTelldidkillthekingwiththatsword.专项知识答题技巧对点集训专项知识六、名词性从句的几个难点1.that通常不可省略的四种情况:(1)引导主语从句,that置于句首时不可省略。Thathefailedintheexammadehisparentsdisappointed.(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。Iwished(that)wecouldgosightinginHangzhouthissummerandthatwecouldbuysomebooksonourwaybackinShanghai.(3)在由it作形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句中,that也不可省略。Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldn’tagreetotheplan.专项知识答题技巧对点集训专项知识(4)引导表语从句和同位语从句时,that也不可省略。2.what与that的区别:what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“……的人(地方、东西)等”;that只起引导作用,在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。Whathesaidwastrue.Thathecamelatemadetheteacherangry.专项知识答题技巧对点集训答题技巧专项知识答题技巧对点集训技巧1从句类型判断法名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句类型不同,引导从句的连词也不尽相同,确定了从句类型,也就确定了引导该类从句的连词。判断的方法就是根据从句在整个句子中的位置。Whathesaidiswrong.他所说的话是错的。(从句在主语位置,为主语从句)Checkthatalltheswitchesareturnedoff.检查一下所有的开关已关好。(从句在动词后,为宾语从句)答题技巧专项知识答题技巧对点集训WhatIwasuncertainaboutwaswhetherwecouldovercomethedifficultiesallbyourselves.我不敢肯定的是我们自己能不能战胜这些困难。(whether从句在was后,为表语从句)Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.我不知道他什么时候回来。(从句在抽象名词后,对名词解释说明,为同位语从句)答题技巧专项知识答题技巧对点集训[考题印证]Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknewshewassoangry.(2010·湖南,35)A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why句意为:Cindy用力关上门并且大哭了起来,办公室里没人知道她为什么那么生气。从句在动词know后,故为宾语从句,且从句中缺少状语,根据句意分析,D项正确。D答题技巧专项知识答题技巧对点集训技巧2从句成分分析法引导名词性从句的连接词分三类:第一类为that,在从句中不担任成分,本身无意义;第二类whether/if类,本身有意义,在从句中不担任成分;第三类为wh类及how,asif,because等,本身有意义,在从句中担任成分。what,which,who,whom,whose等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语;when,where,why,how,because等在从句中作状语。通过分析从句,可以明了从句是否缺成分,缺什么成分,从而确定连词的种类。答题技巧专项知识答题技巧对点集训[考题印证]Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknowittakestostartabusinesshere.(2010·天津,14)A.howB.whatC.whenD
本文标题:高中英语全套语法课件专题九
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