非谓语动词之动词不定式

动词不定式ByJason非谓语动词动词不定式todo现在分词doing动名词doing过去分词done动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。动词不定式不能作谓语。但它有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。一、动词不定式作主语回答你的问题很难。做早操很有益。做这项工作花了我两小时。打开窗最好。你告诉我这个消息真好。Toansweryourquestionisdifficult.Todomorningexerciseisgood.Todotheworktookmetwohours.Toopenthewindowisbest.Ofyoutotellmethegoodnewsiskind.Itisdifficulttoansweryourquestion.Itisgoodtodomorningexercise.Ittookmetwohourstodo….Itisbesttoopenthewindow.It’skindofyoutotellme…….Itisdifficultto…难于做某事Itisgoodto…做某事有好处Ittakessbsometimeto…做某事花费某人多少时间。Itisbestto…最好……Itiskindofyouto………你真是太好了二、动词不定式作表语：（1）我的意见是首先清洁课室。（2）我的愿望是当老师。（3）他的任务是帮助老师。Myideais____________________first.Mywishis_________________.Hisjobis___________________.tocleantheclassroomtobeateachertohelptheteacher三、动词不定式作宾语：能以不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：want,like,hate,wish,hope,try,ask,start,begin,decide,learn等等。1.我想买一本英语书。2.我设法再做一次。3.他们开始收割水稻。4.他决定去北京。Iwant______________anEnglishbook.Itry_____________itagain.Theybegan______________therice.Hedecided_______________toBeijing.tobuytodogetintogotell,show,teach,decide,learn等动词常用一个带连接词的不定式作宾语。1）你能告诉我什么时候出发？2）她教我们如何种植树木。3）老师教我们怎样学习英语。4）你能决定到哪里去？Canyoutellme________________________?Sheshowedus________________thetrees.Theteacherteachesus___________________English.Canyoudecide_______________________?whentostarthowtoplanthowtolearnwheretogo特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构实际上是宾语从句的简化。由复合句向简单句转化。1.Canyoutellmewhenwewillstart?Canyoutellme______________________?2.Doyouknowwherewewillgo?Doyouknow_______________________?3.Idon’tknowhowIcangetthere.Idon’tknow___________________there.4.Heaskedwhomhewouldask.Heasked______________________.5.IwanttoknowhowIshoulddoit.Iwanttoknow_____________________itwhentostartwheretogohowtogetwhomtoaskhowtodo四、动词不定式用作宾语补足语。常见的动词有：ask,tell,get,want,like,hate,prefer;see,hear,watch,notice,feel;make,let,helpasksbtodosth叫某人做某事tellsbtodosth吩咐某人做某事wantsbtodosth想某人做某事likesbtodosth喜欢某人做某事hatesbtodosth讨厌某人做某事prefersbtodosth更加喜欢某人做某事（1）老师叫我们努力学习英语。（2）妈妈吩咐我们不准在街上踢足球。（3）她想你打电话给她。（4）我更喜欢你关电视。Theteacheraskedus___________________atEnglish.Mothertoldus________________footballinthestreet.Shewantedyou_______________her.Ipreferyou___________________theTV.toworkhardnottoplaytocalltoturnoff动词不定式作see,hear,watch,notice,fell等感官感觉动词后面的宾语补足语时，要省to。（1）我看见她关门。（2）我们常常听见有人在隔离房唱歌。（3）我每天都看他们踢足球。（4）我注意到他进来了。Isawhim__________thedoor.Weoftenhearsomeone________inthenextroom.Iwatchthem_________football.Inoticedher_____________.closesingplaycomeinseesbdosth看见某人做某事hearsbdosth听见某人做某事watchsbdosth观看某人做某事noticesbdosth注意某人做某事feelsbdosth感到某人做某事动词不定式用作make,let,help,have等动词的宾语补足语时，省to。makesbdosth使某人做某事letsbdosth让某人做某事helpsbdosth帮助某人做某事havesbdosth使某人做某事（1）他要我们留在课室。Hemadeus_______intheclassroom.（2）让我们回家吧！Letus________________.（3）他帮农民收割水稻。Hehelpedthefarmers____________therice.（4）别记了让他来。Don’tforgettohavehim_________.staygohomegetincome五、动词不定式作定语：（1）我想找点读的东西。Iwanttofindsomething_______________.（2）我有会议要开。Ihaveameeting________________.（3）他有问题要问。Hehasaquestion________________.（4）我有事情告诉你。Ihavesomething_______________you.toreadtoattendtoasktotell六、动词不定式作状语：（1）他去看他的妈妈。（目的状语）Hegoes_____________hismother.（2）他太小以致不能上学。（结果状语）Heis______young______gotoschool.（3）我够高以致可以摘下树上的苹果。（结果状语）Iamtall_______________picktheapple.（4）他停下来和我谈话。（目的状语）Hestopped_____________tome.toseetootoenoughtototalk典型考题()1.Wearenotsure__________.(98广东中考）A.whentoleaveB.whenleaveC.whenleaves()2.Johnknows________acomputer.（99广东中考题）A.howtouseB.howuseC.howuses()3.Hewent_______hissisteryesterday.（2000广东中考题）A.andseeB.sawC.tosee()4.Heisnotsure________.（2000广东中考题）A.whenleavesB.whenleaveC.whentoleave()5.TheteacheroftentellsTim______tomuchtimeplaying….A.nottospendB.tonotspendC.doesn’tspend()6.Whatdoyouwant_______nextSunday?A.doB.todoC.willdo()7.Theydecides_______partinthepartylastSunday.A.totakeB.takeC.willtake()8.Jim,remember_______yourraincoatheretomorrow.A.tobringB.bringC.willbring()9.Iwant_______ascientistwhenIgrowup.A.amB.tobeC.be()10.Pleaseremember______thedoorwhenyouleavetheroom.A.tolockB.lockingC.lock()11.Doyouknowwhen______tothefarm?A.goB.togoC.going()12.Hetoldthem________aplanewithwoodandmetal.A.howtomakeB.tomakehowC.tohowmake()13.Shedidn’tknow________atthemeetingyesterday.A.whattosayB.whatsaidC.tosaywhat()14.Thequestionishow_______tothetopofthemountain.A.togetB.gettingC.get()15.Youmustbehungry.I’llgetyousomething_______.A.eatB.toeatC.eating()16.It’sgood_______otherswhentheyareintrouble.A.tohelpB.helpC.helping()17.It’sbest________warmclotheswhenyougoout.A.wearB.towearC.wearing()18.Ittookusthreehours________thiswork.A.tofinishB.finishC.finishing()19.It’stimeforus________toschool.A.togoB.goC.going()20.It’sverykindofyou_______methenews.A.totellB.tellC.telling