英语报刊___Presidential_election美国总统选举流程_英文介绍

RepublicanPartyDemocraticParty&DifferencesEconomicpoliciesSocialpoliciesVoterbaseEconomicpolicies•Favorahigherminimumwage,andmoreregularincreases•Opposetaxcutsandincentivestooilcompanies,favorapolicyofdevelopingdomesticrenewableenergy•Supportmoregovernmentspendingonsocialserviceswhilespendinglessonthemilitary•Callforaffordableandqualityhealthcare,andmanyadvocateanexpansionofgovernmentinterventioninthisarea.VoterbaseVSGenderAgeFamilystatusIncomeRaceMenWomenOlderAmericansYoungervotersWhitesfrommarriedcoupleswithchildrenlivingathomeSingle,separated,ordivorcedHigh-incomevotersLow-incomevotersHispanicandAsianAmericanvotersNative,African,Jewish,ArabandMuslimAmericansBebornintheUSACanyoubeMr.orMissPresident?liveintheU.S.Afor14yearsTheProcedureJuneJanuaryPrimaryelectionJulyAugustNationalRepresentativesConferenceNovemberElectionRunningInauguraladdress•1.Primaryelection:forthenominationofcandidatesatnationalpartyconventions(提名候选人预选会)•2.NationalRepresentativesConference:party’sofficialcandidateforthepresidencyisselectedbycastingvotes(各党确定正式候选人)•3.Running:nation-widepresidentialcampaignsbythecandidates.(总统竞选运动)•4.Election:Generalelection—thevotersacrossthenationgotothepolls.(全国选民投票)ElectoralCollege—winner-take-allfeature,majorityofelectors.(选举团投票）选举人团制度规定，除了缅因和内布拉斯加两个州是按普选票得票比例分配选举人票外，其余４８个州和华盛顿均实行“胜者全得”制度，即将其选举人票全部给予获得相对多数选民票的总统候选人。•5.Inauguraladdress:theinaugurationceremony(总统宣誓就职仪式)heldinfrontoftheU.S.Capital.PresidentialInaugurationJanuary20,byholdingtheformalinauguration,thePresidenttakesoffice.Hetookthepresidentialdeclaration:Isolemnlyswear:IwillfaithfullyimplementthedutiesofthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaandwilldomybesttouphold,protectanddefendtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.“Tobeelected•candidatesforpresidentandvice-presidentmustreceiveamajorityofthevotesinElectoralCollege.Ifnocandidatereceivesamajority.TheHouseofRepresentatives3candidatesPresident美国宪法还规定，如果所有总统候选人都未获得半数以上的选举人票，由国会众议院从得票最多的前三名候选人中选出总统。PrimaryelectionSomeonewhohasintentionofthepositionofpresidentbegintosavepoliticalcapitalseveralyearsbeforetheelection.chooseasuitableoccasiontodeclarethattheywillrunfornominationofpresidentialcandidatessetupacommitteetoreelectthepresidentraisemoneyTheyearberorepresidentialyearSomepeopleeventakedirectactionsmakepoliticalprogrammestatetheirviewinpublicandTVprogramsmakepoliticalfeelerCallatstatesMeetkeymananddonatorsbuildrelationshipwithmaininterestgroupsandmediaSuperTuesdayIntheUnitedStates,SuperTuesday,ingeneral,referstotheTuesdayinFebruaryorMarchofapresidentialelectionyearwhenthegreatestnumberofstatesholdprimaryelectionstoselectdelegatestonationalconventionsatwhicheachparty'spresidentialcandidatesareofficiallynominated.NationalRepresentativesConferenceAfterNationalRepresentativesConference,someoneiselectedasparty’sofficialcandidateTheybegantointroducetheirownparty’spoliticalclaimstheirownpoliticalprogramsvotersgivepromisesServethepeoplevotersgetmoresupportFormalpresidentalelectionFormalpresidentalelectionstartonthefirstMondayofseptembermakecampaignspeechesacrossthecountryinterviewvotersdebateinpublicwiththeirrivalsDebates:Fourdebates(2008)•September26:•1stpresidentialdebateattheUniversityofMississippi.Thecentralissues:foreignpolicyandnationalsecurity.•October2:•Thevice-presidentialdebatewashostedatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.•October7:2ndpresidentialdebateatBelmontUniversity.Theaddressedissues:raisedbymembersoftheaudience,particularlytheeconomy.•October15:ThethirdandfinalpresidentialdebateatHofstraUniversity.Itfocusedondomesticandeconomicpolicy.Nowadays,competitionofpresidentisgraduallyturningintocompetitionofmoney.Fivewaystogetelectionfund5contributionfromconsortium,enterpriseandotherinterestgroups1specialfundsfromfederalgovernment2theirownparty’sfinancialaid3theirfamilyandtheirownmoney4populace（百姓）’sindividualcontribution