英语语音PPT4. Nasals Lateral Frictionless Continuant a

PlaceofarticulationMannerofarticulationBilabialLabio-DentalDentalAlveolarPalato-alveolarPalatalVelarGlotalPlosive(清)(浊)pbtdkɡFricative(清)(浊)fvθðszʃʒhAffricate(清)(浊)ʧʤNasalmnŋLaterallApproximantwrjEnglishConsonantsPronunciationPowerdemoReview1:fricatives/fricativeconsonants(摩擦音)mannerofarticulation:Forallthefricativestheaircomesoutthroughanarrowopening,causingthefriction-likesound.Thereare9fricatives,formingthelargestsetofconsonantsinEnglish./f/&/v/;/T/&/D/;/s/&/z/;/S/&/Z/;/h/Labiodental(唇齿音):/f//v/Sideviewforthearticulationof/f//v/Dental(齿音):/θ//ð/Sideviewforthearticulationof/θ//ð/Alveolar(齿槽音):/s//z/Sideviewforthearticulationof/s//z/Postalveolar(后龈音):/ʃ//ʒ/Palato-alveolarSideviewforthearticulationof/ʃ//ʒ/Review2:plosives/stops(爆破音)mannerofarticulation:Plosivesaremadebystoppingthebreathcompletelyatsomepointinthemouth,thenremovingthestoppageandproducingaslightexplosion.Thereare6plosives:/p/&/b/;/t/&/d/;/k/&/g/Thepronunciationof/p/and/b/Thepronunciationof/t/and/d/Thepronunciationof/k/and/g/incompleteplosives不完全爆破音/p//p//b//b//t//t//d/+/d//k//k//g//g//tS//dZ/incompleteplosives不完全爆破音fact/f{kt/subject/sVbdZIkt/bigjoke/bIgdZ@Uk/badcold/b{dk@Ud/biggirl/bIgg3:l/hottea/hQtti:/lipbalm/lipbA:m/slept/slept/sleptbadly/sleptb{dlI/Review3:affricates(破擦音)mannerofarticulation:Anaffricateisa“blend”ofaplosiveandafricative—formaclosureandstop/blocktheairstreamlikepronouncingaplosive;releasetheclosureslowlyandlettheaircomeoutwithfrictionlikepronouncingafricative.ThereareonlytwoaffricatesinEnglish./tS/,/dZ/Postalveolar(后龈音):/tʃ//dʒ/Sideviewforthearticulationof/tʃ//dʒ/Unit4:EnglishNasalsLateralFrictionlessContinuantandglidesPlaceofarticulationMannerofarticulationBilabialLabio-DentalDentalAlveolarPalato-alveolarPalatalVelarGlotalPlosive(清)(浊)pbtdkɡFricative(清)(浊)fvθðszʃʒhAffricate(清)(浊)ʧʤNasalmnŋLaterallApproximantwrjEnglishConsonantsPronunciationPowerdemo1.Nasals/NasalConsonants(鼻音，或鼻腔音)Mannerofarticulation:step1.closethemouthpassage(vocaltract)atsomepoint;step2.lowerthesoftpalateatthesametimetolettheairpassthroughthenose(thereisanopeningtothenasalcavity),makingavoicednasalsound.Thereare3nasalconsonantsinEnglish./m//n//N/Nasals/NasalConsonants/m/Mannerofarticulation:Step1.Blockthemouthpassage:byclosingthetwolips.Step2.lowerthesoftpalateatthesametimetolettheairpassthroughthenose,makingavoicednasalsound.Placeofarticulation:bilabial(双唇音)（/b/,/p/and/w/arealsobilabials.）Practice:P.29,1.1Nasals/NasalConsonants/n/Mannerofarticulation:Step1.Blockthemouthpassage:bypressingthetipofthetongueagainsttheupperteethridge.Step2.lowerthesoftpalateatthesametimetolettheairpassthroughthenose,makingavoicednasalsound.Placeofarticulation:alveolar(齿龈音)（/s//z/and/t//d/and/l/arealsoalveolars.）Practice:/n/:P.30,1.2Practice:/m/and/n/:P.30,1.3Nasals/NasalConsonants/N/Mannerofarticulation:Step1.Blockthemouthpassage:bypressingthebackofthetongueagainstthesoftpalate.Step2.lowerthesoftpalateatthesametimetolettheairpassthroughthenose,makingavoicednasalsound.Placeofarticulation:velar(软腭音)（/k//g/arealsovelars.）Practice:/N/:P.30,1.4Practice:/n/and/N/:P.30,1.5Comparethesideviewsfor/n/and/N/Thepositionsofblockageinthemouthpassagearedifferent2.Lateral(舌边音，或者旁流音)ThereisonelateralinEnglish:/l/Mannerofarticulation:Step1.placethetipofthetongueontheupperteethridge;Step2.letthevoicedbreathcomeoutattherelaxedsidesofthetonguePlaceofarticulation:lateral(atthesidesofthetongue舌边音)Allophonicvariationsof/l/:[l]：“Clearl”（“清晰”[l]）,thefrontofthetongueisraisedtowardsthehardpalate,Usu.beforeavowel(i.e.look/luk/)or/j/(i.e.prelude/prelju:d/)[5]：“Darkl”（“模糊”[5]）,thefrontofthetongueisslightlyhollowed,andthebackisraisedtowardsthesoftpalate.Usu.beforeaconsonant(i.e.cold/k@uld/)orinafinalposition(i.e.fool/fu:l/)Practice:p.31,3Comparethesideviewsfor[l]and[5]1.Thepositionsofthefrontandbackofthetonguearedifferent.2.Thetongueinthearticulationofthedark-Ihasacurve.Comparethesideviewsfor/l/and/n//l/isalateral,theairpassesthroughtherelaxedsidesofthetongue/n/isanasal,theairpassesthroughthenose3.Frictionlesscontinuant(无摩擦通音)ThereisonefrictionlesscontinuantinEnglish:/r/Mannerofarticulation:Step1.putthetipofthetonguenear,butnottouching,thebackpartoftheupperteethridge,Step2:thetonguehasacurveshapewiththefrontofthetonguelowandthebackofthetongueratherhigh.Placeofarticulation:post-alveolar(齿龈后音)(thenecessityoftheslightlip-roundinginthepronunciationofthesound/r/)Practice:P.33,6Comparethesideviewsfor“Clearl”[l]and/r/1.Thetipofthetonguedoesnottouchtheteethridge2.Aslightlip-rounding3.Thetongueishollowed(hasacurve).1.Theairpassesthroughtherelaxedsidesofthetongue2.ThefrontofthetonguerisestowardsthehardpalateComparethesideviewsfor“darkl”[5]and/r/1.Thetipofthetonguedoesnottouchtheteethridge2.Aslightlip-rounding1.Theairpassesthroughtherelaxedsidesofthetongue2.Thetonguealsohasacurve.4.Glides(orsemi-vowels)(滑音或半元音)Mannerofarticulation:aquickandsmoothglidetowardsafollowingvowelsound.(alsocalledsemi-vowels)Thereare2glidesinEnglish:/j/and/w/Glides(orsemi-vowels)/j