高英Lesson3-Pub-Talk-and-the-Kings-English

PubTalkandtheKing'sEnglishLessonThreeContentsBackgroundinformationStructuralanalysisLanguagefeaturesWords&PhrasesFiguresofSpeechBackgroundinformationTheauthor:HenryFairlieHenryJonesFairlie(13January1924London,England-25February1990Washington,D.C.)wasaBritishpoliticaljournalistandsocialcritic.HenryFairlie:Hespent36yearsasaprominentfreelancewriteronbothsidesoftheAtlantic,appearinginTheSpectator,TheNewRepublic,TheWashingtonPost,TheNewYorker,andmanyotherpapersandmagazines.BackgroundinformationMostwidelyheldworksbyHenryFairlie•1.TheLifeofPolitics•2.TheKennedyPromise•3.TheSpoiledChildoftheWesternWorld•4.TheParties•5.TheSevenDeadlySinsToday•6.BitetheHandThatFeedsYouThehistoryofEnglishThreestagesofEnglish:•TheOldEnglish/Anglo-SaxonEnglish(449-1066)•TheMiddleEnglish/French-influencedEnglish(1066-1500)•ThemodernEnglish(1500-thepresent):EarlymodernEnglish(1500-1800)LatemodernEnglish(1800-thepresent)ThehistoryofEnglishOldEnglish(449-1066AD):In449,theAngles,Saxon,andJutesfromNorthwestofGermanyconqueredthemostpartofEngland.MiddleEnglish(1066-1500):In1066WilliamtheConqueror,theDukeofNormandy,invadedandconqueredEngland.(theNormanConquest)Foraperiodtherewasakindoflinguisticclassdivision,wherethelowerclassesspokeEnglishandtheupperclassesspokeFrench.Inthe14thcenturyEnglishbecamedominantinBritainagain,butwithmanyFrenchwordsadded.ThehistoryofEnglishEarlyModernEnglish(1500-1800):Fromthe16thcentury,theBritishhadcontactwithmanypeoplesfromaroundtheworld.ManyLatinandGreekwordsandphrasesenteredthelanguageduringRenaissance.Spellingandgrammarbecamefixed,andthedialectofLondonbecamethestandard.In1604thefirstEnglishdictionarywaspublished.LateModernEnglish(1800-Present):theEnglishcolonizationofdifferentcountriesresultedinthecreationofavarietyofEnglish:AmericanEnglish,AustralianEnglish,NewZealandEnglish,CanadianEnglish,SouthAfricanEnglishandIndianEnglish.LateModernEnglishhasmanymorewordscreatedfromtheIndustrialRevolutionandtechnology,andadoptedforeignwordsfrommanycountries.ThehistoryofEnglishNormanConquest1.ReasonsforWilliam’sinvasionofEnglandafterEdward’sdeath:ItwassaidthatkingEdwardhadpromisedtheEnglishthronetoWilliam,buttheWitanchoseHaroldasking.SoWilliamledhisarmytoinvadeEngland.InOctober1066,duringtheimportantbattleofHastings,WilliamdefeatedHaroldandkilledhim.OneChristmasDay,WilliamwascrownedkingofEngland,thusbeginningtheNormanConquestofEngland.NormanConquest2.TheNormanConquestanditsconsequences:TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.WilliamtheConquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.AftertheNormanConquest,thegeneralrelationofNormansandSaxonswasthatofmasterandservant.Oneofthemoststrikingmanifestationsofthesupremacyoftheconquerorswastobeseeninthelanguage.Writingstyleapieceofexposition–Whatispubtalk?–WhatisKing’sEnglish?conversationheldinthepublichousestandardEnglishWritingstyleThetitle:PubTalkandtheKing’sEnglishThetitleofthispieceisnotveryaptlychosen.Thewriterillustrateshispointbydescribingthecharmingconversationhehadwithsomepeopleoneeveninginapubonthetopic“theKing'sEnglish.Relationship?pubtalkking'sEnglishwhatmakesgoodconversation.Structure•Mainidea:Thewriterresumedtothetopicofhowtomakeagoodconversation.•Mainidea:Whatisandwhatmakesagoodconversation.PartIII:Para.18-21PartII:Para.4-17PartI:Para.1-3•Para.4-11:Thetopic“theking’sEnglish”wasdiscussedunawaresduringapubtalk.GlobalReading•Para.12-17:Studyorreflectionsdoneabouttheking’sorqueen’sEnglish.Languagefeatures•Conversationalstyle:–looselyorganized–informallanguage---•tosuitthetheme•Reasonsfortheinformalstyle:1.thetitlemisleading•Thewritertalksaboutthecharmofconversationbyillustrations:HowtoMakeGoodConversation”TheCharmofConversation”Languagefeatures2.thethesis•Wehavetwotheseshere–a)Thethesis---Conversationisthemostsociableofallhumanactivities.(Para1)–b)Therealthesis---Barconversationhasacharmofitsown.(Para3)3.thetransitionordigression•para.5servedastransition•shiftgeneraldiscoursetospecificoneLanguagefeatures4.twodifferentkindsoflanguagea)colloquialexpressions俗语•ontherocks•getoutofbedonthewrongsideb)literaryallusions文学典故，引喻•inreferencetoaperson;event;story5.mixedmetaphors6.nobigandabstractwords7.sentencefragmentsWords&Phrasesintricate(adj):hardtofolloworunderstandbecausefullofpuzzlingparts，details，orrelationships错综复杂的；难以理解的，难懂的indulge(v.):givewaytoone’sowndesire尽情享受；从事于meander(v.):wanderaimlesslyoridly；ramble漫步；闲逛delve(v.):investigateforinformation；search发掘；调查(研究)Words•desultorily(adv.):aimlessly；atrandom随意地；无目的地•tart(adj.):sharpintaste；sour；acid辛辣的；尖酸的；刻薄的•churl(n.):afarmlaborer；peasant农民；庄稼人，乡下人•rift(n.):anopenbreakinapreviouslyfriendlyrelationship分裂；失和•scamper(v.):runorgohurriedlyorquickly急驰，快跑•rendering(n.):atranslation翻译•intercept(v.):seizeorstopontheway，beforearrivalattheintendedplace拦截；截断；截击。•coin(v.):makeup；devise；invent(anewword，phrase，etc．)编造；杜撰(新词、新短语等)•tussle(v.):fight，struggle，contend，etc．vigorouslyorvehemently斗争，搏斗；竞争