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Listeningisanactiveskill.Whereashearingispassive,listeningissomethingthatwehavetoworkat.It'sarelationshipwithsound.Andyetit'saskillthatnoneofusaretaught.Forexample,haveyoueverconsideredthattherearelisteningpositions,placesyoucanlistenfrom?Herearetwoofthem.Reductivelisteningislisteningfor.Itreduceseverythingdowntowhat'srelevantanditdiscardseverythingthat'snotrelevant.Mentypicallylistenreductively.Sohe'ssaying,I'vegotthisproblem.He'ssaying,Here'syoursolution.Thanksverymuch.Next.That'sthewaywetalk,rightguys?Expansivelistening,ontheotherhand,islisteningwith,notlisteningfor.It'sgotnodestinationinmind.It'sjustenjoyingthejourney.Womentypicallylistenexpansively.Ifyoulookatthesetwo,eyecontact,facingeachother,possiblybothtalkingatthesametime.Men,ifyougetnothingelseoutofthistalk,practiceexpansivelistening,andyoucantransformyourrelationships.认真倾听是一种主动技能。普通地听是被动的,而倾听却是要花功夫的。倾听是处理声音与声音之间的关系。它也是一种与生俱来的能力。比如,你考虑过倾听也有不同的姿势,以便你接收声音吗?看以下两个例子。删减性的倾听是有“选择”的听。它会只关注你想要知道的东西,而忽略无关紧要的内容。男人通常会删减性的倾听。比如一个人说:“我有个问题。”另一个人说:“这是你的答案。多谢。下一位。”这就是我们谈话的方式,对吧,男士们?而另外一种,扩展性的倾听是“无目的”,“无选择”的。听你脑海里并没有明确的目标而只是享受听的过程。女人通常会扩展性的倾听。看看这两位,面对面,保持眼神交流,可能两人同时都在说话。男士们,如果你们谈话时觉得索然无味,试试扩展性的倾听,或许可以改善你们的关系。ThefirstreallybighealthissueisawordthatMurraySchafercoined:schizophonia.It'sadislocationbetweenwhatyouseeandwhatyouhear.So,we'reinvitingintoourlivesthevoicesofpeoplewhoarenotpresentwithus.Ithinkthere'ssomethingdeeplyunhealthyaboutlivingallthetimeinschizophonia.Thesecondproblemthatcomeswithheadphoneabuseiscompression.Wesquashmusictofititintoourpocketandthereisacostattachedtothis.Listentothis--thisisanuncompressedpieceofmusic.Andnowthesamepieceofmusicwith98%ofthedataremoved.Idohopethatsomeofyouatleastcanhearthedifferencebetweenthosetwo.Thereisacostofcompression.Itmakesyoutiredandirritabletohavetomakeupallofthatdata.You'rehavingtoimagineit.It'snotgoodforyouinthelongrun.Thethirdproblemwithheadphonesisthis:deafness.第一大严重的健康问题,根据MurraySchafer的话说,就是“幻听”。这是一种错乱,使你看到的和听到的并不一致。所以,我们的生活中,就多了一些不在我们身边的人发出的声音。我认为时时处于“幻听”中对健康十分不利。与滥用耳机相伴而来的第二个问题是压缩音乐。我们压缩音乐,以便能装进口袋,然而也付出了代价。听听这个,是一段没有压缩的音乐。同样的一段音乐,但却少了98%的信息。我希望至少有一部分人能听出其中的差别。这就是压缩音乐的代价。为了补上丢失的信息,你很容易变得疲劳、烦躁。你需要通过想象来弥补这个空白。长期下去,会对健康不利。滥用耳机带来的第三个问题是耳聋。Let'smoveawayfrombadsoundandlookatsomefriendsthatIurgeyoutoseekout.WWB:Wind,water,birds--stochasticnaturalsoundscomposedoflotsofindividualrandomevents,allofitveryhealthy,allofitsoundthatweevolvedtoovertheyears.Seekthosesoundsout;they'regoodforyouandsoisthis.Silenceisbeautiful.TheElizabethansdescribedlanguageasdecoratedsilence.Iurgeyoutomoveawayfromsilencewithintentionandtodesignsoundscapesjustlikeworksofart.Haveaforeground,abackground,allinbeautifulproportion.It'sfuntogetintodesigningwithsound.Ifyoucan'tdoityourself,getaprofessionaltodoitforyou.Sounddesignisthefuture,andIthinkit'sthewaywe'regoingtochangethewaytheworldsounds.不谈噪音了,我们来谈谈一些你应该去寻求的好朋友。风水鸟:风声、水声、鸟声,大自然的声音。它们都由各种不同的细节组成,对健康十分有好处,因为它们都是我们进化过程中我们陪伴我们的声音。寻求这些声音吧,对你们有好处。还有这个。安静是美好的。古人曾把语言比作修饰过的安静。我建议你们刻意地远离安静,去设计像艺术品一样有画面感的声音。有前景,有背景,并且比例协调。设计声音是很有趣的,如果自己不会做的话,可以找专业人士帮忙。声音设计就是未来,也是一种让世界变得好听的方法。Andfourmodalitieswhereyouneedtotakesomeactionandgetinvolved.Firstofall,listenconsciously.Ihopethatafterthistalkyou'llbedoingthat.It'sawholenewdimensiontoyourlifeandit'swonderfultohavethatdimension.Secondly,getintouchwithmakingsomesound.Createsound.Thevoiceistheinstrumentweallplay,andyethowmanyofusaretrainedinusingourvoice?Gettrained.Learntosing.Learntoplayaninstrument.Musicianshavebiggerbrains.It'strue.Youcandothisingroupsaswell.It'safantasticantidotetoschizophonia.Tomakemusicandsoundinagroupofpeople,whicheverstyleyouenjoyparticularly.Andlet'stakeastewardingroleforthesoundaroundus.Protectyourears?Yes,absolutely.Designsoundscapestobebeautifularoundyouathomeandatwork.Andlet'sstarttospeakupwhenpeopleareassailinguswiththenoisethatIplayedyouearlyon.还有四种方法需要你采取行动参与其中。首先专心地听。我希望在我的讲话过后你们就能去这样做。这会是你们人生全新的、美好的一面。第二试着自己弄出点声响。创造声音。声音是我们都会使用的乐器,但多少人接受训练学会利用我们自己的声音?尝试训练一下吧。学着歌唱。学习演奏一种乐器。音乐家都有更发达的大脑,这话不假。也可以尝试和大家一起这样做。这是缓解幻听的非常好的办法。和一大群人创造音乐是,任何你喜欢的方式都是不错的。让我们主宰周围的声音。保护听力?这是当然的。不管在家里,还是工作中,设计并创作出好听的声音。当有人用我之前播过的噪音来攻击我们的时候,让我们大声地给予它们还击。
本文标题:倾听的力量 TED演讲稿
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