艾米莉・狄金森 的人生简介及其作品

EmilyDickinson(1830-1886)AReclusivePoetofthe19thCenturyEmilyDickinsonTheBelleofAmherstTheNunofAmherstEmilyElizabethDickinsonwasborninAmherst,asmalltowninthestateofMassachusetts.onDecember10,1830.ShewasborntoanextremelyReligious,puritanicalfamily.Herfatherwasaverywealthy,successfulandprominentlawyerandpolitician.Butshewasverypassiveaboutanysocialandpoliticalactivities.DickinsonwaseducatedatAmherstAcademyandMountHolyokeFemaleSeminaryinSouthHadley,MassachusettsWenttoDCwithherfather,acongressman,becauseshehadfalleninlovewithamarriedlawyer,whosoondiedofTB.Therefellinlovewithanothermarriedman,aminister.Aboutthistimeshewrote,“Isingastheboydoesbytheburyingground,becauseIamafraid.”becauseofthefailureofherloveaffairs,shebegantoisolateherselffromothersandlivedasolitarylife.Theonlycontactshehadwithfamilywasinwhimsical,epigrammaticletters.Sheoftenloweredsnacksandtreatsinbasketstoneighborhoodchildrenfromherwindow,carefulnevertoletthemseeherface.Shealmostalwaysworewhite.Dickinsonseldomleftherhouseandvisitorswerescarce.Allthroughherlife,shedidnotgetmarriedandlivedaveryquiet,lonelylifeinavillage.Inherfamilylibrary,shehadaccesstomanyreligiousworksaswellasbooksbyEmerson,othertranscendentalistsandcurrentmagazinesabout20,begantowritepoemsThefirstpersontonoticeDickinson’stalentwasThomasWentworthHigginson.Higginsonbecamealifelongcorrespondentandamentor.Dickinsonhadcontactwithfewpeople,butonewasReverendCharlesWadsworth.DickinsonalsobefriendednovelistHelenJackson.HigginsonadvisedDickinsonnottogetherpoetrypublishedbecauseofherviolationofcontemporaryliteraryconvention.HelenJacksontriedtoconvincehertogetherworkpublishedbutherrequestswereunsuccessful.SheneverapprovedofpublishingherpoemsandrequestedhersisterLaviniatodestroyallofherpomesBeforeherdeath,onlysevenpoemswerepublished.Butafterherdeath,hersisterfoundthatsheleftalargenumberofpoems,altogether,itwasabout1800poems.AfterDickinson’sdeath,hersister,Lavina,hadEmily’spoetrypublishedandthenburnttheoriginalcopies,becausethatwashersister’swish.EmilyDickinsonTheHomestead1813TheHomesteadRepaintedHomesteadTheDickinsonHomesteadinAmherst,Massachusetts(bedroom)Dickinson’sRoomDickinson’sRoomTheDickinsonHomesteadinAmherst,Massachusetts(Dress)NewlyDiscoveredPhotoHerGraveWaltWhitmanandEmilyDickinsonWaltWhitmanandEmilyDickinsonweretwomajorpoetsinlate19thcentury.Thetwoareofentirelydifferentvisions,stylesandpersonalities.Whitman,inhispoems,heexpressedhisstronglovetowardhiscountry,hisnationandhispeople,heshowedgreatoptimismandconfidencetowardsthefutureofAmerica.BecauseEmilyDickinsonwithdrawherselffromthesocietyandlivedlikeahermit,soanypoliticalandsocialthingsdidnotinfluenceher.shejustfocusedherattentionontheinnerworld.Herthemesrangedfromlove,death,religion,nature,immortality,painandbeauty,especiallyabouttheexplorationofdeath.Shewasapessimisticwriter.ButposthumouslythegreatnessofbothwasfirmlyestablishedandtheyprovedtobethegenuineprecursorstothemostseriousmodernAmericanpoetry.I’mNobodyPoemsApprehensionI’mNobody!I'mNobody!Whoareyou?Areyou-Nobody-too?Thenthere'sapairofus!Don'ttell!they'dbanishus-youknow!我是无名之辈，你是谁？你,也是,无名之辈？这就有了我们一对！可是别声张！你知道，他们会大肆张扬！I’mNobody!Howdreary-tobe-Somebody!Howpublic-likeaFrog-Totellyourname-thelivelongJuneToanadmiringBog!做个，显要人物，好不无聊！像个青蛙，向仰慕的泥沼——在整个六月，把个人的姓名聒噪——何等招摇！（江枫译）1.Whoarethe“they”inline4?The“admiringbog”inline8?2.Doyouprefersolitudetopubliclife?Giveyourreasons.QuestionsMetaphor/SimileMetaphor:Acomparison.Example:“Afrogisacelebrity.”Simile:Acomparisonusinglikeoras.Example:“Howpublic—likeafrog…”我是无名之辈，我是无名之辈，你是谁？你也是无名之辈？那么，咱俩是一对——且莫声张！你懂嘛，他们容不得咱俩。做个名人多无聊！象青蛙——到处招摇——向一洼仰慕的泥塘把自己的大名整天宣扬！）（汪义群译孙梁校；《英美名诗一百首》，北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1987）TranslationIheardaFlybuzz—whenIdied—IheardaFlybuzz—whenIdied—TheStillnessintheRoomWasliketheStillnessintheAir—BetweentheHeavesofStorm—TheEyesaround—hadwrungthemdry—AndBreathsweregatheringfirmForthatlastOnset—whentheKingBewitnessed—intheRoom—(2)IwilledmyKeepsakes—SignedawayWhatportionofmebeAssignable—andthenitwasThereinterposedaFly—WithBlue—uncertainstumblingBuzz—Betweenthelight—andme—AndthentheWindowsfailed—andthen(3)Icouldnotseetosee—Inthisfirststanza,thesceneofadeathbedisset.Thesecondstanzadiscussesthestateofmindofthosewaitingbythedeathbedofthespeaker.Theyhaveobviouslybeencryingbythesuggestionthattheireyeshadwrungthemdry.”Whatdoesthe“king”referto?ThekingmaybeGod,Christ,ordeath;TheKingisprobablyGodinthiscontextandtheyareallawaitinghisenteringtheroomtotakethesoulofthespeaker.What’sthemeaningof“lastonset?Lastonsetisanoxymoron;onsetmeansabeginningandlastmeansanend.ForChristians,deathisthebeginningofeternallife.ThethirdstanzaHowtounderstand“IwilledmyKeepsakes”?Thesekeepsakescouldbematerialgoodsthatthespeakercollectedduringlife.Therewillbenouseforthesegoodsinheavensothislinediscussesthetraditionofwillingawaypropertyandmaterialbelonging.Theflyinterposed“whichmeanstocomebetweenorinterveneThevisionofdeathitpresentsishorrifying,evengruesome.thecentralimageistheflyWhatdodoestheflysug