Unit 6 Omission

Unit6Omission省略法Pre-classQuestions•1.Whatisomission?•2.WhatisthedifferencebetweenEnglishandChineseintermsofthesentence-building?•3.WhentranslatingtoChinese,connectivesofEnglishareoftenomitted.Howdoyouexplainit?4.1OmissionofWordsPeculiartoEnglish•4.1.1OmissionoftheExpletivesItandThere•(1)Omitimpersonalit,whichdenotesnaturalphenomena,time,distance,orstateofthingsingeneral:•Howisitwiththesickman?•那病人怎么样了？•(2)Omitanticipatoryit,whichstandsforaninfinitive,agerund,oraclause:•LuXunhasitthat“Readyourownworkatleasttwiceafteryouhavegotthroughyourwriting,tryingtocutoffallunnecessarywords,sentences,andevenparagraphswithoutanyregret.”•鲁迅说：“写完后至少看两遍，竭力将可有可无的字、句、段删去，毫不可惜。“•(3)Omitdemonstrativeit:•Idon’tthinkitishe.•我想不是他。•(4)Omitidiomaticit:•Heledadog’slifeofit.•他过着牛马不如的生活。•(5)Omitexpletivethereinexistentialsentences:•Wherethereislife,thereishope.•有生命就有希望。/≈留得青山在，不怕无柴烧。•(6)Omitexpletivethereinidiomaticexpressions(oftenfoundinidiomsorproverbs):•①Thereisnofirewithoutsmoke.•有烟必有火。•②Therearefriendsandfriends.•有种种不同的朋友。•4.1.2OmissionofEnglishArticles•1.Aparrotcantalklikeaman.•鹦鹉会像人一样说话。•2.Thewishisfathertothethought.•愿望为思想之父。•Buttryandtranslatethissentence:•Doyoustillrememberthecoldnightwehuddledtogetherwithbutablanketoverourhead?•Notes•Therearecaseswheretheuseofarticlemaychangethemeaningofanexpression.•1.Manyyearsago,flyingtothemoonwasoutofthequestion.•许多年前，飞往月球是不可能的。•2.Atpresent,flyingtothemoonisoutofquestion.•现在，飞往月球是毫无疑问的。Translatethefollowing:1.ThisisacompleteShakespeare.2.HelikesthePicasso.3.WeoftendinewiththeBrowns.Possibleversions:1.这是一套莎士比亚全集。2.他喜欢毕加索的画。3.我们经常和布朗一家一起吃饭。4.2OmissionofWordsSuperfluousinChinese•Generallyspeaking,inEnglishwhenthefiniteverbiscommontotwoormoresubjects,itisoftenomittedafterthesecondsubject;whileinChinesewhenthesubjectiscommontotwoormoreverbs,itisoftenomittedinandafterthesecondclause.•Forexample:•1.Ibelongstoyouandyou(belong)tome.•我属于你，你也属于我。•2.如果不了解两种语言的异同，（我们）是做不好翻译工作的。•Youcan’tbeacompetenttranslatorifyouareignorantofthedifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.•4.2.1OmissionofPronouns•(1)Omitpronounsusedassubjects•①Asyousow,soalsoshallyoureap.•播什么，收什么。/≈种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。•②Youshouldkeepcalmevenwhenyouareindanger.•危险时也要保持冷静。•(2)Omitpronounsusedasobjects•①Ihavereceivedyourletterandreaditwithdelight.•来信收悉，并欣然拜读了。•②Allmetalsarecrystals.Inotherwords,theiratomsarrangethemselvesinpatterns.•所有金属都是晶体，换言之，它们的原子是按照一定的图案排列的。•(3)Omitpossessivepronouns•Englishputsthepossessivepronounbeforehumanbodypartsandpossessions.InChinesemanyofsuchpossessivesneednotbementioned:•①Shecoveredherfacewithherhandsasiftoprotecthereyes.•她用手蒙脸，好像去保护眼睛。•②Sheputherhandsuptohercheeks,buthereyesseemedtolookrightintohim.•她两手捂着双颊，两眼却好像直瞧着他。•小结：•省略代词汉语句子会更自然、流畅和地道。然而英语句子中却频繁使用代词，当代词作为主语和宾语时尤其不能省略。Translatethefollowing:1.Hehasbeenabroadsolong,hefeelsratheroutofithere.Hedoesn’tseemabletofindanyoneincommonwith.2.“I’mgoingtogetoutofthistown.”Nicksaid.“Yes,”saidGeorge.“That’sagoodthingtodo.”Possibleversions:1.他在国外住久了，在这里有点不习惯，好像跟谁都说不到一起。2.“我准备离开这个城市，”尼克说。“对，”乔治说，“走了好。”Seepp.152-153•4.2.2OmissionofConnectives•Question:•Canyouexplaintheconceptsofhypotaxisandparataxis?•Translatingthefollowing,omittingconnectiveswherevernecessary:•(1)Simpleandcompoundsentences:•①Wisemenlovetruth,butfoolsshunit.•智者爱好真理，愚者回避真理。•②Givehimaninch,andhewilltakeamile.•得寸进尺。•(2)Complexsentences:•①Nevergetonoroffthebusbeforeitcomestoastandstill.•车未停稳，切勿上下。•②Shehesitatedforaminuteandstoodstillwhileatearortwosplashedonthewornredcarpet.•她踌躇了一会儿，静静地站着，有一两滴泪水溅落在破旧的红地毯上。•Notes•汉语的”紧缩句“——复句的紧缩：用单句形式表达复句内容，是汉语意合法的典型句式。所谓”紧“，即紧凑，是取消各分句之间的语音停顿，让它们紧紧地挨在一起；所谓”缩“，既压缩，是略去原来分句的一些词语，让它们简约一些。•(1)Translatethefollowing,supplyingnecessarywordsinEnglish,andseewhatareomittedinChinese:•①有饭大家吃。•Leteverybodysharethefoodifthereisany.•②天塌下来我们顶。•Iftheskyfalls,we’llpropitup.•(2)Translatethefollowing,omittingwordswherevernecessaryandmakingtheChinesesentencescontracted:•①Hewhodoesnotadvancefallsbackward.•不进则退。•②Touchpitchandyouwillbedefiled.•近墨者黑。•③Itiseasytofetchwaterwhenariverisnear.•近河取水易。/近水楼台先得月。•4.2.3OmissionofPrepositionsandPrepositionalPhrases•1.Atthesurfaceofthesun,thetemperature•isabout6000℃;atthecenteritisestimatedtobeabout40milliondegrees.•太阳表面的温度约有6000℃，中心的温度估计约有4000万度。•2.Hewentoutandshutthedoorgentlybehindhim.•他走了出去，轻轻地关上了门。•4.2.4OmissionofVerbsorParticles•InEnglish,averbisobligatoryinsentencestructurewhileitisnotalwaysnecessary(e.g.copulas)inChinese.•1.今天国庆节。•TodayisourNationalDay.•2.天高云淡。•Theskyishighandthecloudsarepale.•Englishverbsexpressingstateorexistenceinsteadofaction,orwhenidiomaticallyorfigurativelyused,aresometimesomittedintranslation.•1.Thelastfewyearshaveseenpositivedevelopmentsintheinternationalpoliticalscene,characterizedbyaspiritofaccommodation.•过去几年，国际政治在和解的精神下有了积极的发展。•2.Justasthepostwarperiodwitnessedthedisintegrationofoldempires,theepochweareenteringnowwillseetheendofneo-colonialismanditssequelae.•正如战后个老牌帝国土崩瓦解一样，我们开始生活的这个时代，终将消灭新殖民主义及其后患。•点评：前两例中”haveseen”,“witnessed”和”willsee”是动词的修辞性用法，”characterizedby”阐明国际政治以“和解“为精神旨归，因此翻译成汉语时这类动词可以省略。Translatethefollowing:1.Itiscomfortingtokno