教育传播学--世界图解

OrbisPictusWenyingZhaoEducationaltechnologyclass2CommunicationcollegeOrbisPictus,orOrbisSensualiumPictus(TheVisibleWorldinPictures)isatextbookforchildrenwrittenbyCzecheducatorComeniusandpublishedin1658.Itissomethingofachildren‘sencyclopedia(百科全书)andisconsideredtobethefirstpicturebookintendedforchildren.世界图解，又名《可见的世界》、《宇宙奇观》。捷克夸美纽斯著。1658年出版。是作者根据他所提出的适应自然和直观教学原则写成的一部小学教科书。，试图授予儿童以百科全书式的知识。•1Author•2Contents•3History•4characteristicsAuthor：•JohnAmosComenius•Born28March1592Moravia•Died15November1670aged78Amsterdam•OccupationTeacher,educatorandwriterComeniuswasthegreatestteacherofhisageandoneofhistory’smostseminal(开创性的)educationalists.Hismanuscripts（手稿）areacaptivating（迷人的，有魅力的）collectionofenlightening（使人领悟的，有启发作用的）works,themostfamousofwhichisthetextaboundswith（富于，充满）meaningforthelearner.Hischunks（段落）aresuccinct（简洁的，简明的）,beingseveralwordsinlengthandbecauseofthisnestingofconcepts,thesyntax（语法，句法）andvocabularyisfareasiertolearnandrecall.Contents：Thebookhas150chaptersandcoversawiderangeofsubjects:Botany（植物学）Zoology（动物学）Religion(宗教)Humansandtheiractivities（人类和人类活动）History：•OriginallypublishedinLatinandGermanin1658inNuremberg,thebooksoonspreadtoschoolsinGermanyandothercountries.•ThefirstEnglisheditionwaspublishedin1659.•Thefirstquadrilingualedition(inLatin,German,ItalianandFrench)waspublishedin1666.•ThefirstCzechtranslationwaspublishedinthe1685quadrilingualedition(togetherwithLatin,GermanandHungarian),bytheBreuerpublishinghouseinLevoča.•Intheyears1670–1780,neweditionswerepublishedinvariouslanguages,withupgradedbothpicturesandtextcontent.•OrbisPictushadalong-lastinginfluenceonchildren‘seducation.Itwasaprecursor（先驱）ofbothaudio-visualtechniquesandthelexical（词汇的）approachinlanguagelearning.Characteristics：•It’sDeductive（演绎的，推论的）•ThereAreNoExercises•It’saContent-basedApproach•ThereAreImagesforEverything•It’sEngaging（迷人的）•It’sRelevant（中肯的）•ThereAreFivePagesAboutBirds•It’sBizarre（奇异的）•ItTransportsYouBackinTime•ItMirrors（反映）Semantic（语义的）TranslationIt’sDeductive（演绎的，推论的）•Therearenoruleexplanations.Thelearnerislefttohisorherownintuitions（直觉）onthebasisofconnectionsbetweentext,numbersandimagestopredict（预报，预言）themeaningoftheLatintranslation.Thusthetextembodies（体现，使具体化）anatural,directapproachwhichstretches（伸展，张开）learnersimplicitly（含蓄的，暗中的）.Example：•TheHeavenhathFireandStars.•TheCloudshangintheAir.•BirdsflyundertheClouds•FishesswimintheWater.•TheEarthhath(has)Hills,Woods,Fields,BeastsandMen.•ThusthegreatestBodiesoftheWorld,thefourElements(元素),arefulloftheirownInhabitants（居民）.ThereAreNoExercises•Comeniusunderstoodhowtogivelearnersthemostusefultargetlanguage.Hedidn’temployrule-basedgrammarinstruction,formulaic（公式化的，刻板的）functionalphrases,nortedious（沉闷的，冗长的）gap-fillexercises.Instead,hepresentedlanguagethroughrelevantandrealisticqualitycontent.TheBeemakethhoneywhichtheDronedevoureth.TheWaspandtheHornetmolestwithasting.TheCricketsingeth.TheButterflyisawingedCaterpillar.TheGlow-wormshinethbynight.Example:It’saContent-basedApproach•TheOrbisPictusisintellectuallydidacticwhichmeanspeoplecanlearnalotmorethanjustlanguagefromit.AclassicexampleofContentandLanguageIntegratedLearning(CLIL)longbeforetheconceptwasformulatedbytenure-seekingacademics.•TheearthisdividedintofiveZones,whereofthetwoFrigidonesareuninhabitable;thetwoTemperateonesandtheTorridonehabitable.•BesidesitisdividedintoContinents;thisofourswhichissubdividedintoEurope,Asia,Africa,America,(whoseinhabitantsareAntipodestous)andtheSouthLand,yetunknown.•TheythatdwellundertheNorthPole,havethedaysandnightssixmonthslong.•InfiniteIslandsfloatintheSeas.Example:ThereAreImagesforEverything•Todayitisacceptedwithoutquestionthatvisualelementssignificantly(意味深长的)improvethelearningofanything,notleastlanguages.Comeniuswasthefirsteducatortoofficiallyrecognizetheneedforpicturesandtothisendheinvestedinthemostbeautifulwoodcarvings(木刻),makingtheOrbisPictusaniconic（形象的）classic.•ASea-fightisterriblewhenhugeShipslikeCastlesrunuponanotherwiththeirBeaksorshatteroneanotherwiththeirOrdnance.It’sEngaging(迷人的)•Becauseitissoencompassing（包容的）andcontext-heavyyetsimpleandelegant（高雅的）,thebookstandsaloneasaworkofinterestinitsownrightbeyonditsbenefitsforlanguagelearning.TheOrbisPictusprovidesamini-immersion（沉浸，陷入）worldtokeepthereaderabsorbedin（全神贯注于）thezoneofflow.•TheStudyisaplacewhereaStudent,apartfrommen,sittethalone,addictedtohisStudies,whilsthereadethBooks,whichbeingwithinhisreachhelayethopenonaDesk,andpickethallthebestthingsoutofthemintohisownManual,ormarkethinthemwithaDash,oralittlestarintheMargin.It’sRelevant（中肯的）•Thebookiswritteninthevernacular（本国的，地方的）andtheconceptsthatconstitutethechaptersconnectwiththereal-world.Learnerscanidentifywiththelanguageandconcepts.Assuch,itisavehicleforlearningthatisalotmoreengagingandauthentic（真正的）thanscripture（圣经）,doctrine（主义，学说）orhighliterature.TheOrbisPictusisacongruent（适合的，一致的）,coherent（连贯的）andstructurednarrative（叙述的）withwell-graded（级配优良的）,clearandsimplelanguageuse.Herethou(你，古时候的叫法)hast（has）alivelyandvocalalphabet.ThereAreFivePagesAboutBirdsInhisdescriptionsofbirds,plants,animalsa