American Literature preface

AmericanLiteraturePrefaceAnIntroductiontoAmericanLiteratureMiddleAge5-15thcenturyRenaissance16thcenturyEnlightenment18thcenturyEarlyAmericanLiterature(1607---late18thcenturyAmericanRevolution)AmericanLiteratureVS.BritishLiteratureBritishLiteratureAmericanLiterature17thcenturyRomanticism(first30yearsof19thcentury)Realism1930’---1918Romanticism(1800---1865AmericanRevolution---CivilWar)Realism(1865---1918CW---WWI)BritishLiteratureAmericanliteratureModernism(1918---1945WWI---WWII)Modernism(1918---1945WWI---WWII)Contemporaryliterature(AfterWWII)Contemporaryliterature(AfterWWII)BritishLiteratureAmericanliteratureAmericanRevolutionCivilWarWWIWWIIEarlyAmericanLiteratureContemporaryLiteratureAmericanRevolutionAmericanRevolutionaryWar,AmericanWarofIndependenceThirteenColoniesgainedindependencefromtheBritishEmpire.Time:from1775to1783.1776:AmericanDeclarationofIndependence1781:victoryonthebattlefieldPinkandRedareas:coloniesofBritainOrangearea:coloniesofSpainAuthorsThomasJefferson,JohnAdams&BenjaminFranklinAmericanCivilWar1861---1865AwarbetweenthesouthandnorthAmericatoabolishslavery,endedwiththevictoryoftheNorthandtheabolishmentofslavery.AbrahamLincoln16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1861–1865)WWI1914---1918UnitedStatesdeclaredtheentryinthewarintheyear1917.WWII1937---1945OnDecember7,1941,JapanlaunchedanunexpectedairattackonPearlHarbor.OnAugust6andAugust9,1945,theUnitedStatesdroppedtwoAtomicBombsontwoJapaneseCities:HiroshimaandNagasaki.NagasakiEarlyAmericanLiteratureColonialAmericanLiteratureAmericanEnlightenmentOrigin:EuropeanEnlightenmentFeatures:Withthedevelopmentofsocialeconomy,peoplebegantocravenewdevelopmentandreformineverysocialaspect.ThemostinfluentialdevelopmentofAmericanEnlightenmentispoliticalaspect.Representatives:BenjaminFranklin,ThomasJefferson,ThomasPaineAgeofRomanticism(ThefirstRenaissanceofAmericanliterature)AmericanRomanticismemphasizesnature,emotionandself.Transcendentalism:principleexpressionofAmericanRomanticismormaturityofAmericanRomanticism.Peoplecangettruthdirectlythroughintuitiontranscendingsenseandreason.(individualism)WashingtonIrvingTheLegendofSleepyHollowEarlyRomanticauthorsJamesCooperWilliamCullenBryantTranscendentalistsandessayistsEmersonThoreaupoetsLongfellowWhitmanEmilyDickinsonNovelistsHawthorneHermanMelvilleDetectiveFictionHorrorFictionAgeofRealismRealismisnothingmoreandnothinglessthanthetruthfultreatmentofmaterial.---WilliamDeanHowellsLocalColor:concentrateduponportrayingaparticularregiontorevealsomeuniversalaspectbelowthesurfacepicture.Naturalism:humanbeing’sfateisdeterminedbyheredityandsurroundingorenvironment.GenreAmericanAuthorPerceivedtheindividualas...Romanticism(Transcendentalism)RalphWaldoEmersonagodRealismHenryJamesWilliamDeanHowellsMarkTwainsimplyapersonNaturalismStephenCraneTheodoreDreiserahelplessobjectLocalcoloristMarkTwaina.internationalthemeb.psychologicaldescription(streamofconsciousness)c.pointofviewofthe“limitedomniscientauthor.AgeofModernism(thesecondRenaissanceofAmericanLiterature)Modernismisacomplextermtogeneralizealltheliterarytrendsappearedin20thcentury,includingSymbolism,Imagism,Futurism,Expressionism,Superrealism,streamofconsciousness,andblackhumor.Poets:TraditionalpoetsImagistpoetsEzraPound;WilliamCarlosWilliamsPoetsofNewEnglandRobertFrostWilliamCarlosWilliamsEzraPoundsomuchdependsuponaredwheelbarrowglazedwithrainwaterbesidethewhitechickens.TheRedWheelbarrowWilliamCarlosWilliamsRobertFrostNovelistsTheLostGenerationagroupofAmericanwriterswhoconsideredthemselves“lost”becausetheirinheritedvaluescouldnotoperateinthepostwarworld.IcebergTheory“…Thedignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.Agoodwriterdoesnotneedtorevealeverydetailofacharacteroraction.WilliamFaulknerAroseforEmilyKatherineAnnePorter(1890---1980)TheHarlemRenaissanceThegreatdevelopmentofAfrican-Americanliterature