高中英语--状语从句用法详解

1状语从句内容提要：一、时间状语从句二、地点状语从句三、方式状语从句四、程度状语从句五、原因状语从句六、结果状语从句七、目的状语从句八、条件状语从句九、让步状语从句十、比较状语从句一、时间状语从句:1、时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导：after,before,as,once,till,until,(ever)since,when,whenever,while,now(that),aslongas,assoonas。如：Now(that)you’vegrownup,youmuststopthischildishbehaviour.Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.Comeandseeuswheneveryouhavetime.2Peopledonotknowthevalueofhealthtilltheyloseit.2、有些词，如immediately,directly,instantly等，当用于assoonas意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.Themachinewillstartinstantlyyoupressthebutton.I’lltelephoneyoudirectlyIhearthenews.Willyoulookforitimmediatelyyougetthere?3．某些表示时间的名词词组，如the(very)moment(=assoonas),theminute(=assoonas),theinstant(=assoonas),theday,theyear,themorning,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime等，也可以引导时间状语从句，如：I’lltellyouaboutitthemomentyoucome.IstartedtheinstantIheardthereport.Theinstantshesawhimsheknewhewasherbrother.EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.I’mgoingtoseehimnexttimehecomestoShenzhen.HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarⅡbrokeout.3HehadimpressedmethatwaythefirsttimeImethim.IstartedtheverymomentIgotyourletter.I’lltellhimtheminute(that)hegetshere.4．有些关联从属连词，如nosooner…than/hardly…when/scarcely…when/barely…when等，也能引导时间状语从句。△如果把nosooner,hardly,scarcely,barely置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如：Shehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.=Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.Theyhadhardlystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.=Hardlyhadtheystartedtoworkwhenthetroublebegan.Hehadscarcelyenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.=Scarcelyhadheenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.4二、地点状语从句:1、地点状语从句常用where,wherever来引导，如：Wewillstaywhereyoustay.(where=intheplaceinwhich;where既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。)IfoundmybookswhereIleftthem.Whereverhehappenstobe,Johncanmakehimselfathome.Hewillworkwhereverthepeopleneedhim.Letmegowherever(=toanyplacetowhich)theylike(togo).2、有时，-where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如：Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived/warmlywelcomed.We’llgoanywherethePartydirectsus.5三、方式状语从句:1、方式状语从句通常由as,asif,asthough来引导，如：YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.Itlooksasifitmightsnow/isgoingtosnow.Heactedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn’tgrownup.2、在非正式文体或口语中，也可用theway(that)(=as=inthewayinwhich),how,like等来引导，如：Jeandoesn’tdoitthewayIdo.SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.Youcandothejobhowyoulike.Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatchesamouse.Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?like作连词的用法补充说明：61).Conjunction(informal)(非正式)：inthesamewaythat;as同…一样，如Peoplewhochangecountriesliketheychangeclothes.换国籍像换衣服一样的人。2).asthough;asif好像，如同IfeltlikeI'dbeenkickedbyacamel.我觉得好像被骆驼踢了似的。7四、程度状语从句：程度状语从句可用tosuchanextentthat…/tosuchadegreethat…,tothedegree/extentthat,insofaras（“在…的范围内”）等来引导，如：Thetemperaturerosetosuchanextentthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.Thetemperatureloweredtosuchadegreethatthewaterfroze.试比较：Thetemperaturerosesohighthatthefiremenhadtoleavetheburningbuilding.Thetemperatureloweredsomuchthatthewaterfroze.从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。Atthattimepoliticianswerenotknowntothedegreethattheyaretoday.那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。I'llhelpyouinsofarasIcan.我会尽我所能帮助你。8五、原因状语从句：1、引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because,since,和as，所引导的从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中because语势最强，since次之，as又次之。△because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道的，全句强调的重点在原因上，不在主句表示的结果上。回答why提出的问题时，只能用because；在强调句型中也只能用because从句，不能用since,as等，如：BecauseIcan’tseeverywell,Ihavetositnearthefront.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tcome.△since和as引导的句子，重点在主句的内容，其原因或理由在说话人看来已很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，since和as只是一种附带的说明原因，不是对原因进行强调，如：Asheisworkinghard,heislikelytosucceed.Sincehecan’tanswerthequestion,you’dbetterasksomeoneelse.As/Sincehewasnotathome,Ispoketohisbrother.Sinceyouinsist,Iwillreconsiderthematter.9Ashewasinahurry,helefthisbagathome.△for是并列连词，它引导的句子只能后置。表示因果关系时，可以和because换用；但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时，不能用because代替，如：Hecouldn’thaveseenme,because/forIwasnothere.Thegroundiswet,for/becauseitrainedlastnight.Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.△because之前可以加上simply,only,just等强调词，如：Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.2、复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句，这些连词有：now(that),seeing(that),considering(that),forthereasonthat,byreasonthat,forfearthat,that等，如：Now(that)(=Since)youmentionit,Idoremember.Now(that)heisabsent,you’llhavetodotheworkbyyourself.Now(=Since)therainhasstopped,let’sstart.Seeing(that)alltheguestshavearrived,let’shavedinner.Shedidn’tgoforfearthatshewouldgetlost.Hehasdoneverywell,considering(that)hehasnoexperience.Ihaven’tfinishedwritingthereportyet,notthat(=notbecause)I10dislikethework,butthat(=butbecause)Ihavenottime.Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.3、在“主语+be+形容词+that”句型中，主语通常是人，形容词通常为：glad,happy,pleased,sorry等表示感情的形容词，这时that可以看作原因状语从句，如：Wearegladthat(=because)wehavereapedanotherbumperharvest.I’mglad(that)youareallright.Wearesurethatourteamwillwin.I’mpleasedthatyouhavedecidedtocome.11六、结果状语从句结果状语从句往往放在主句之后，通常主句是因，从句是果，这和原因状语从句刚好相反，例如：Hewasill,sothathedidn’tcome.