英语句子成分分析..

句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物•Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Fourplusfouriseight.•Toseeistobelieve.•Smokingisbadforhealth.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（不定式）（句子）(名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征•简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成•Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishwell.•Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。及物动词(vt.)：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。如：HereachedParis.不及物动词（vi.）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。如:Look!Sheissinging.Lookatmecarefully!类似的还有：agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed...既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin都是作“开始”讲。Everybody,ourgamebegins.Letusbeginourgame.类似的还有：start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve...误：dealaproblem正：dealwithaproblem处理问题误：dependsb.正：dependonsb.依靠（依赖）某人误：insistdoingsth.正：insistondoingsth.坚持要做某事易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：误：knockthedoor正：knockon[at]thedoor敲门误：operatesb.正：operateonsb.为某人做手术误：participatesth.正：participateinsth.参加某事误：refersth.正：refertosth.查阅（参考)某物误：relysb./sth.正：relyonsb./sth.依靠（依赖）某人某物误：replyaletter正：replytoaletter回信1.Nomatterhowmuchyou’velearnedandhowhighastandardofeducationyouhavehad,youmust_______thepeopleheartandsoul.A.serveB.serveforC.servetoD.serveon2.Thepupil___hisrighthand,obviouslyhopingto_____toanswertheteacher’squestion.A.roseriseB.raisedriseC.roseraiseD.raisedraiseShowyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）(代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（动名词）（句子）•宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.•Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.（四）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Timeisprecious.4.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.5.Thatremainsapuzzle.6.Idon’tfeelatease.系动词1）状态系动词（be动词）例如：Heisateacher.2）持续系动词keep,remain,stay例如：Healwayskeptsilentatthemeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。4）感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。5）变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词prove,turnout,表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如：Therumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句•Heisacleverboy.•Hisfatherworksinasteelfactory.•Thereare54studentsinourclass.•Doyouknowbetty’ssister?•Heboughtsomesleepingpills.•Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(过去分词)定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。•Iwillbebackinawhile.•Theyareplayingontheplayground.•Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.•HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.•Iwaitedtoseeyou.•Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.•Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.•Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.•Thisbookisveryinteresting.•Ifoundthebookinteresting.•Doyousmellsomethingburning?•Hemadehimselfknowntothem.（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.•Sheaskedmetolendherahand.同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.名词代词数词从句1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语句子成份练习1、Youshouldstudyhard.2、Theteachergotveryangry.3、Theboytoldmehisstory.4、Weelectedhimourmonitor.5、Itoldhimtoopenthewindow.6、Wewatchedthetrainleavingthestation.状语表语间语+直宾宾语+宾补宾语+宾补宾语+宾补句子类型•句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass.4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的结构可分三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspapers.简单句的五种基本句型：一、主语＋不及物动词e.g.a.Wintercomes.b.Thisfactoryopenedin1989.二、主语＋及物动词＋宾语e.g.Shehasboughtanewhouse.三、主语＋连系动词＋表语e.g.a.Shelookedworried.b.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachersintheschool.四、主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语e.g.Myfatherboughtmealotofbooks.五、主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语e.g.a.Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.b.Weconsiderhimverysmart.2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.