初中英语语法―形容词、副词

形容词、副词初中英语语法稻田一中李培军形容词是修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。例如：long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分．形容词1.Heisagoodstudent.2.Sheisabeautifulgirl.3.Ihaveacleverpetdog.1)单个形容词修饰名词或代词时顺序：直接放名词或代词前面2)多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序：口诀:冠代数形大,新色国材名注释：冠----冠词；代----代词；数----数词；形----形状、性质；大----大小、长短；新----新旧;色----颜色；国----国家、产地；材----材料、用途；名-----名词anoldbigbrownwoodenbox一个旧而大的棕色木箱子twotallyoungJapanesegirls两位高个、年轻的日本姑娘例题1)Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo2)Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold答案点拨：C由限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--性质--名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。答案点拨:A.几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。当形容词修饰由something/somebody,anything/anybody,nothing/nobody,everything/everybody等不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后.1.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?2.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.3.)修饰不定代词时常后置“不+形”1.Samishungry,he’dliketoeat____delicious.A.someB.anyC.somethingD.somewhere2.Don’tworry.Thereis____aboutyourillness.A.serioussomethingB.anythingseriousC.nothingseriousD.something3.Thereis____intoday’snewspaper.It’sboring.A.somethingnewB.interestingnewC.nothingnewD.newnothing4.--Whocanhelpus?--___.we’lldoitourselvesA.EveryoneelseB.ElseeveryoneC.NobodyelseD.Elsenobody要点：不定代词修饰形容词，位置为“不形”CCCCThetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词。你能说出几个？aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveable所谓表语形容词即指只用于连系动词后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。这类形容词常见的有：某些以a-开头的形容词：afraid害怕的alive活着的alone单独的asleep睡着的awake醒着的Don’tbeafraid.别怕。Nowthebabyisasleep.现在孩子睡着了。Hewasaloneinthehouse.他独自一人在家里。1.Shewas_____________(luck)tolosehermoneywhenshewentshoppinglastweekend.[04西宁]2.Thiskindofskirtlooks______andsells______.[04天津]A.nice;wellB.nice;goodC.well;wellD.good;niceunluckyA3.—WhatdoyouthinkofthestorywrittenbyMarkTwain?—Itis______.Ilikeit.[04昆明]A.boringB.boredC.interestedD.interestingD4.Youranswersounds_____.A.correctB.correctlyC.correctnessD.correcting5.Theywatchedamovieandfeltquite_____.A.sadB.sadlyC.sadnessD.sadyAA某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语．有的已构成固定词组。1.Hemadeushappy.2.Youmustkeeptheclassroomclean．你应保持教室清洁。形容词的构成forget—forgetfulhelp—helpfulwonder—wonderfuluse—usefulcare—carefulbeauty—beautifulthank－thankfulcolour----colourful1、+ful2、＋edexcite—excitedworry—worriedsurprise—surprisedclose—closedinterest—interestedfrighten—frightened3、+inginterest—interestingexcite—excitingsurprise—surprisingfollow—followingsun—sunnysnow—snowywind—windyrain-rainycloud—cloudyhealth—healthy4、+y所有表示天气状况的的形容词wool-woolenwood--wooden5、+en6、+ern(东西南北)east--easternwest--westernsouth-southernnorth--northernfriendly,daily,weekly,sillylively,lonely,lovely7.由“名词+ly”构成8.复合形容词aneight-year-oldboy一个八岁的男孩一段10分钟的步行路程aten-minutewalkatenminutes’walk放七天假haveaseven-dayholidayhaveasevendays’holidayhavesevendaysoff形容词的比较等级构成，有三个等级：①原级；②比较级；③最高级。词尾变化原级比较级最高级单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以字母e接尾的词加-r或-sttallhardlargewide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或estbighotthinfatwet以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为i再加-er,或-esthappydryearlynarrowclever多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more和mostdifficultpopularslowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级最高级betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest注意：在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复，我们常常用that,those来代替前面的词。例如：TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thewindowsofourclassroomarecleanerthanthoseoftheirs.TomisastallasMike.1、as+形容词原形+asThereareasmanystudentsinourschoolasyours.否定notas+形容词原形+as“和…不一样”或notso+形容词原形+as“不及／不如…TomisnotastallasMike.Thistruckisbigenoughtocarry5tons.2、so+形容词原级+that丛句such+名词＋that丛句Heissobigthathecan’tentertheroombythedoor.3、…too+原级+todosth.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.4、形容词原级+enoughtodosth.1、两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词thanTomistallerthanJohn2、Which/Whois+比较级,AorB?Whichiseasier,mathsorEnglish?3、能修饰比较级的副词及短语：much(…的多)、alot(…的多)、even(更…)、still（更…）、abit/alittle(…一点儿)ThiscityismuchmorebeautifulthanthatoneTodayisevenhotterthanyesterday.注意：very不能修饰比较级。More可构成比较级，但不能修饰比较级4、…isthe+比较级+ofthetwo.Tomisthetallerofthetwoboys.5、…数量+比较级than…Heisthreeyearsolderthanhisbrother.6、比较级+and+比较级，“越来越…”Nowitishotterandhotter.现在越来越热7、The+比较级…，the+比较级…“越…，就越…”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbecome.你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖1.…oneofthe+最高级+名词复数2.…最高级+of(in)…(三者及以上范围的)3.Thisis/wasthe最高级+名词+that定语从句LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.Ofallthemoviestars,IthinkZhangZiyiisthebest.5.、the+序数词+最高级+名词+in/ofTheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina4、Which/Whoisthe+最高级,A,BorC?Whichisthebiggest,themoon,theearthorthesun?注意：用the+形容词最高级形式+in接单数名词用the+形容词最高级形式+of接复数名词或表示复数的代词。Whoisthetallestintheclass?Whoisthetallestofthestudents。使用形容词比较级时1、可用“比较级形式+thananyother+单数名词来表达最高级的意思Heistaller