智能楼宇配电系统及综合防雷的设计研究

智能楼宇配电系统及综合防雷的设计研究前言随着我国经济的发展，居民对用电量的要求越来越高。家用电器从八十年代的黑白电视机、收音机、电风扇、洗衣机，到现在的大屏幕彩色电视机、DVD、微波炉、消毒柜、电脑、电热水器、空调等，有的家庭甚至拥有好几部空调。此外，一些大功率家用电器设备也逐步进入百姓家庭，比如电灶（即热式电热水器）、小型中央空调等。家用电器发展之迅猛，已大大超过人们对住户面积的要求，将来的发展速度更是难以预料。再加上我国人民生活水平的不断提高，通讯与信息技术的发展，人们对楼宇设计的要求标准也不断向智能化过渡。作为建筑业的一个主要组成部分的电气设计在如何提高，满足时代的要求，也有了很大的发展。在传统的低压供电系统中主要强调过载、短路保护，其目的是保护用电设备、供电线路不受损坏。近年，已提出了人身安全的观点，住宅的电气设计首先是要考虑到人身的安全，并且可靠、舒适、美观和利于发展。同时相当多的普通楼宇防雷系统不但不能保护高层楼宇的电子设备和智能系统，反而可能引入雷电，加倍雷击损失。这些不但对楼宇配电系统的可靠安全性提出了要求，同样也对电气电子信息设备的综合防雷掀起了新的挑战。正确设计智能楼宇的配电系统和综合防雷，是确保智能楼宇安全、可靠、舒适和有利于发展有前提。目录摘要········································································ⅠAbstract··········································································Ⅱ第一章绪论·····································································11.1引言·····································································11.2普通楼宇配电系统和防雷措施中存在的主要问题··························11.2.1用电负荷计算存在的问题···········································11.2.2供电系统的安全可靠性方面存在的问题······························11.2.3综合防雷及电磁兼容设计的有关问题································2智能楼宇配电系统及综合防雷的设计研究1.3智能楼宇配电系统智能化的相关问题·····································31.4本文所要研究的主要内容·················································3第二章智能楼宇配电系统的有关问题的研究······························42.1负荷计算的有关问题·····················································42.1.1负荷计算及负荷计算的目的·········································42.1.2负荷计算的方法····················································52.2电力负荷的相关计算······················································52.2.1智能化住宅小区住户电力负荷的确定································52.2.2公共电力负荷的计算················································72.2.3单元计算负荷的确定················································82.2.4住宅小区总计算负荷的确定········································102.3供配电系统容量的选择··················································102.3.1电力变压器的选择·················································112.3.2电容无功补偿容量的选择和配置···································122.3.3智能楼宇内柴油发电机组的选择与设置·····························142.3.4高原地区环境对常用电器设备容量的影响··························152.4提高楼宇配电系统可靠性的措施·········································152.4.1若干配电设备的设计容量需要注意的问题··························152.4.2提高柴油发电机组的供电系统可靠性的措施························162.4.3提高低压断路器短路保护级间选择性的措施························172.5小结····································································19第三章智能楼宇电气设计中用电安全问题的研究计·····203.1低压三相供电系统中漏电危险性及其防范措施···························203.1.1问题的提出························································203.1.2低压配电系统的接地形式及出现漏电时的触电危险分析·············203.1.3触电事故的防范···················································253.2低压配电系统漏电的火灾危险性及其防范措施···························303.2.1漏电的火灾危险性·················································303.2.2漏电火灾的防范措施···············································323.3小结····································································33第四章智能楼宇综合防雷设计的相关问题的研究······344.1智能楼宇加强雷电防护的重要性·········································344.1.1雷电危害··························································344.1.2雷击的分类························································354.2智能楼宇的综合防雷措施···············································354.2.1外部防护··························································364.2.2内部防护··························································374.3智能楼宇综合防雷设计方案··············································474.3.1防雷设计基本原则·················································474.3.2具体防护方案······················································474.4楼宇内电子设备的电磁兼容及提高电磁兼容的措施······················514.2.1电磁兼容简介······················································51智能楼宇配电系统及综合防雷的设计研究4.2.2提高电子设备电磁兼容性的措施···································514.5小结····································································52第五章智能楼宇配电系统的智能化···································535.1楼宇智能建筑系统的现状···············································535.2智能楼宇配电系统的智能管理···········································545.3智能化管理实例·························································565.3.1工程系统概况·······················································565.3.2报业大厦分布式系统的集中监控·····································575.4小结····································································58第六章结束语·······················59参考文献·································································60致谢····································································62附录1····································································63附录2····································································64附录3····································································65智能楼宇配电系统及综合防雷的设计研究I智能楼宇配电系统及综合防雷的设计研究摘要：随着人们生活水平的不断提高，通讯与信息技术的发展，人们对楼宇设计的要求标准也不断向智能化过渡。出现了住宅中各种通信、家电、安保设备等通过总线技术进行监视、控制与管理的智能楼宇建筑系统，这一趋势势必给现代楼宇设计带来一系列新的问题。正确设计智能楼宇的配电系统和综合防雷，是确保智能楼宇安全、可靠、舒适和有利于发展的前提。科学合理的进行负荷计算是提高楼宇配电系统的可靠性、正确选择各类配电设备容量的前提。本文对负荷计算中相关问题进行了分析和探讨，就重要设备的容量选择作了详细的论述，并提出了进一步提高配电系统可靠性的措施。安全第一，当今电气设计中，人身安全及消防安全已提高到了首位，为摆脱传统低电压供电系统中主要强调过载、短路保护以保护用电设备和供电线路不受损坏的缺点。本文对低压供电系统中出现漏电时的人身触电危险性及漏电引起的火灾危险性原因进行了讨论并给出了相应的防范措施。普通楼宇防雷系统不但不