Unit 05 Olympian Gods

LOGOHunanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyUnit05Contents1.ZeusKingofGodsandGoddessesZeusandHeraZeusandhismortalloversZeus’children2.ApolloThebirthofApolloTheOracleofDelphiLoveaffairsMusicalcontests3.DionysusBirthofDionysusThewanderingofDionysusDionysia4.Apollovs.Dionysus1).Asagod2).Asaman1).Asagod2).Asaman1).Asagod2).AsamanSimilarities&differencesZeusZeusAsagod1.Thesupremegodoftheheavensandtheearth,omniscientandomnipotent.2.Weathergod:thunderandlightning;rain(life-giver)3.Thepatronofhospitality,thekeeperofoathsandpreserveroforderandjusticeZeusExamplesBechallengedandtestedby:HeraAphroditeDemeterTheFatesPunished:Hera,Poseidon,ApolloLycaon,TantalusandAtreustheoverambitiousAsclepiusPandareus,SalmoneusKingHaemusandQueenRhodope,nymphCheloneZeusAsaman1.aconquerorofwomen,mortalaswellasimmortalMetis(Athena)Leto(ApolloandArtemis)Mnemosyne(the9Muses)Eurynome(the3Graces)Demeter(Persephone)Maia(Hermes)Semele(Dionysus)Io(Epaphus)Europa(Minos,Rhadamanthus,Sarpedon)Danae(Perseus)Leda(Helen)Alcmena(Heracles)ZeusAsaman2.theharassed,vexedandphilanderinghusband•acontradictoryimageoftheGodofhighestlawandjustice;•abeingorstateofbeingcontrolledbylibidoandbeyondsocialmorality;•abeingofgreatpotentialandcontradiction.ZeusCommentonhisseductionstoriesconquerorofnewland;expansionofterritory;increaseandspreadofpeople;closerelationtolifeintheregion(bull,swan,bird,snake,sunshine);conqueroroftheoldmatriarchalsystem;spreadofcivilizationApolloApolloAsagod1.thegodofthesunorthelight2.patronofherdsandflocks(life)3.patronofarchery,dance,poetry,music,andmedicine(culturallife)4.godofreasonandintellectualism,relatedtoenlightenment,atonement,truth,andanewcivicorderofjustice5.thegodofprophesyandreligioushealing:famousoracleinDelphi(spirituallife)ApolloAsaman1.difficultbirth:thefloatingislandofDelos,9daysinbirth2.avengeranddestroyerofmonster:thePythonatDelphi3.amostunfortunateloverApolloHisloveaffairsDaphne(turningintoalaureltree)Cassandra(prophesy,madness)SibylofCumae(longlife&eternalyouth,voice)Marpessa(preferringthemortalIdas)Coronis(preferringthemortalIschys,asonAsclepius)Leucothea(buriedalive)Clytie(sunflower)Castalia(divedinaspringorfountain)Hecuba(asonandadaughter)Cyrene,anathleticnymph(twosons:Aristaeus,thepatrongodofcattle,fruittrees,hunting,husbandryandbee-keeping,andIdmon,afamousseer)Hyacinthus(Zephyrus,aflower)ApolloAllusions（典故）1.swansong（最后杰作；绝笔）2.blackswan（比喻罕见之人/物；“凤毛麟角”）3.win/gainLaurels（获得荣誉，赢得声望）4.looktoone’sLaurels（爱惜名声，保持记录）5.restonone’sLaurels（坐享清福，光吃老本）6.ThePoetLaureate;TheLaureate（桂冠诗人）ApolloMusicalContests1.Apollovs.Panrepresentativeofrational,highbrowartvs.therusticmusicofPan(Midas:theearsofanass)2.Apollovs.Marsyas(Marsyas:afluteinventedbyAthena;flayedaliveinacave;skinnailedtoapinetree;bloodintotheriver)DionysusDionysusAsagod1.thegodofwine(vine)andalife-death-rebirthdeity2.thepromoterofcivilization,agiverofecstasy,andloverofpeace3.thepatrondeityofagricultureandthetheater4.theemotionalandtheirrationalsideinhumanbeings5.Hisnature:thebestialandthesublimeDionysusAsaman1.unnaturalbirth:a.Semele,insideofZeus’thigh,rebirth,immortalb.Persephone,theTitansateupthebabyexcepttheheart,implantedhiminthewombofSemele,“thetwice-born”2.hiswanderinga.onaship:kidnappedbyagroupofpiratesb.inThrace:insultedbyKingLycurgusc.inThebes:insultedbyhiscousinPentheusDionysusAsaman3.alovingson:bringinghismotherbackfromtheUnderworld4.afaithfullover:AriadneDionysusDionysia1.theRuralDionysia:ancientreligiousritualinDecembertheparadeofPhallus(libido,life-sourceanddrive;patriarchalpoweressenceofhumanlife)girlscarryingbaskets,loavesofbread,jarsofwaterandwinecontestsofdancingandsinging,andchorusesofdithyrambs,wildsongsoftheMaenadsorBacchantesDionysusDionysia2.theCityDionysia:urbanized,organizedbeginninginthesixthcenturyB.C.aboutthreemonthsaftertheRuralDionysiaaparadeofphallusmadeofwoodorbronzebasket-carriersandwater-and-winecarriersdithyrambiccompetitionsbullsacrifices,andfeastDay3-5:tragedy(onesatyrplay)competitions,oneplaywrightaday(Aeschylus,Euripides,andSophocles)Day6:fivecomedies(Aristophanes)Day7:anotherprocessionandcelebration,thewinningplaywrightswonawreathofivy(goat)DionysusDionysia3.Commentmasks/masqueradecross-dressingrole-reversalboundlessfreedomforbothplaywrightsandcommonpeople,givingventtorepressedemotionsApollovs.DionysusApollovs.DionysusSimilarities1.manifesttheirfather’sindomitablewilltopowerandhiscreativedrive2.difficultbirth3.spenttheirearlyyouthrecruitingnewworshippersandwinninggeneralrecognition4.inspiredpoetry,song,anddance,associatedwithpassionorecstasyApollovs.DionysusDifferences1.differintheirmusicalstyleApollo’sgoldenlyre,withitsclearmelodies,evokedfeelingsofharmonyandserenitythetambourineinventedbyDionysuswasbeatentofuriousanderraticrhythmsthatexpressedthewinegod’spassionateandimpulsivenatureApollo’sworshipperssangthepaeansDionysus’sfollowersperformedthedithyrambApollovs.DionysusDifferences2.representtwoequallyimportantaspectsofthehumanpsyche:therationa