虚拟语气 全面而强大 公开课

ifIwereabutterflyIfabutterfly,youlordforgivingmewings，Ifarobinintree,youlordthatIcouldsing，Ifafishinthesea,mytailandwithglee，ButIjustthankyoufatherformakingme,me,Foryougavemeaheartandyougavemeasmile，YougavemeJesusandyoumademeyourchild，ButIjustthankyoufatherformakingme,meIwereI’dthankIwereIwereI’dthankI’dwiggleI’dgiggle______________________________________________________________QUESTION:Whydoweuse“…ifIwereabutterfly,I’dthanklordforgivingmewings.”?Whydon’twesay:“ifIamabutterfly,Iwillthanklordforgivingmewings.”?1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气定义IfIamfree,Iwillvisityou.IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.a.If引导的真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.If引导的虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。afactualsituationawishCompareandfindthedifference.IndicativemoodsubjectivemoodWhydon’twesay:“ifIamabutterfly,Iwillthanklordforgivingmewings.”?Impossible！1.虚拟语气在非真实‘if’条件句中的用法（unrealconditionalclause)2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句IfIwereHarryPotter,Iwouldpossessmagic.1.如果我是哈利波特，我就会拥有魔法。2.如果我现在口袋里有6000元，我就去买Iphone5sIfIhad6000yuaninmypocketnow,IwouldbuyanIphone5s.Observe(观察)IfIwereHarryPotter,Iwouldpossessmagic.IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldgoshopping.summaryoftherules对现在的虚拟Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereaboy(girl)?IfIwereaboy,Iwould…Ifhehadgotupearly,hewouldnothavebeenlateforwork.（与过去事实相反）1.如果他早起，他就不会上班迟到。2.如果她没有吃那么多的糖，她就不会被拔牙。Ifshehadn’teatensomuchcandy,shewouldn’thavehadherteethpulledout.Observe(观察)Ifhehadgotupearly,hewouldnothavebeenlateforschool.Ifshehadn’teatensomuchcandy,shewouldn’thavehadherteethpulledout.summaryoftherules对过去的虚拟Ifhe__________（drive)morecarefully,he_________________(nothave)thecaraccidentyesterday.（与过去事实相反）haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfI________(learn)howtoswim,I__________________(be)trappedinthisisland.（与过去事实相反）hadlearntwouldnothavebeenLongtimeago,afarmersavedasnake.Butlater,thefarmerwasbittenbythesnakeanddied.theFarmerandtheSnake农夫与蛇Whatwouldhavehappenedifthefarmerhadn’tseenthesnake?Ifthefamer___________(notsee)thesnake,he_________________(notput)itunderhiscoat;ifhe__________(notput)itunderhiscoat,thesnake___________________(notbite)him;ifthesnake____________(notbite)him,he__________________(notdie).hadn’tseenwouldn’thaveputhadn’tputwouldn’thavebittenhadn’tbittenwouldn’thavedied.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Imightgoshopping.Ifhegotupearlytomorrowmorning,hewouldbehereontime.Ifsheshouldseeme,shewouldrecognizeme.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Imightgoshopping.Ifhegotupearlytomorrowmorning,hewouldbehereontime.Ifsheshouldseeme,shewouldrecognizeme.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.Observe(观察)对将来的虚拟Workwithyourpartnersaboutwhatwouldyoudoifyoushouldbeadmittedtoyourfamousuniversityinthefuture.IfIshouldbeadmittedtomyfavoriteuniversity,Iwould_________.IftheGod________________________(give)meanotherchance，I_________(tell)thegirlthreewords,“Iloveyou.”IfI______(haveto)setatimelimittoourlove,It_________(be)10,000years!shouldgive/weretogive/gavewouldtellhadtowouldbe如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，我会对那个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是--一万年!虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、空想等。TheSubjunctiveMood条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来did/werehaddonewould/could/should/might+dowould/could/should/might+havedone1.did/were2.should+do3.weretodowould/could/should/might+do虚拟语气1.If从句虚拟用法小结Summary注意事项1.If虚拟条件句的省略2.If虚拟条件句的一个特殊句型3.错综虚拟语气WereittorainIfIwereyou,Iwouldhelphim.WereIyou,…Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,…Ifitshouldrain,thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.Shoulditrain,…Ifitweretorain,thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.1.If虚拟条件句的省略在含有were/should/had的if虚拟条件句中，省略if，并将were/should/had移到主语前。要是没有空气，没植物可以生长（与现在事实相反）要不是你的建议，我就不可能通过考试了（与过去事实相反）2.Specialpattern:ifitwerenotfor…ifithadnotbeenfor…若不是Ifitwerenotforair,noplantcouldgrow.Ifithadnotbeenforyouradvice,Icouldn’thavepassedtheexam.WereitnotforHaditnotbeenfor(1).不同时间的虚拟，遵守相应的规则Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospitalnow.3.混合虚拟条件句1.Ifyouthemeetingyesterday,youwhatwearedoingnow.(attend,know)2.Ifyoumyadvicethen,you___________introublenow.(follow,be)hadattendedwouldknowhadfollowedwouldnotbe（2）虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.他本来能通过考试的，但他不够细心。1.They______earlier,butthecarwasn’tready.A.canhaveleftB.mayhaveleftC.willhaveleftD.mighthaveleft2.—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation;itwassonear.—Yes.Ataxi______atallnecessary.A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.won’tbeItissaidthatafallingstarcouldletyourdreamcometrue.Ifyousawafallingstar,whatwisheswouldyoumake?Iwish______Ⅱ.虚拟语气用于宾语从句中1.wish后的宾语从句IwishIwereabird.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.IwishIwereastallasyou.IwishIbecameasfamousasYaoMing.1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去时(be动词一般用were)。Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.IwishIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.(noteat)（2）wish表示对过去情况的虚拟：Iwish（that）sbhaddone…Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.（3）对将来情况的虚拟：Iwish(that)sbwould/could/mightdo…IwishI______________.(possess)wish+did/were(与现在事实相反的情况,)+haddone(与过去事实相反)+would/could/might+do(将来不大可能实现的愿望)小结：Iwish_____________________.“wish+宾语从句”表不能实现的愿望，译为“但愿……”wish+宾语从句1.did/were（与主句动作同时发生）2.haddone(发生在主句动作之前)3.would/