2015届高考英语二轮专题复习课件：第12讲 定语从句

例①Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof______lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.thoseA［解析］此处考查的是介词+which/whom引导从句。由many之前的逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，需要连词。由于先行词是“1,000people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。第12讲定语从句例②I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool______ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which［解析］该题关键在于找准先行词，是myschool还是thestudents。根据从句的句意以及met缺少宾语可判断先行词是人，故选关系代词who/whom。A例③StephenHawkingbelievesthatearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.thatB.whereC.whichD．whose［解析］先行词为planet，定语从句中缺地点状语，故选where，等于onwhich。B例④InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing______developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that［解析］考查定语从句中关系代词whose的用法，它既可指代人也可指代物，在从句中作定语。本题中development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。C例⑤ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich［解析］先行词为thehouse,从句Igrewup不缺宾语或主语，结合先行词应填状语inwhich，表地点，也可用where代替，但是空格在从句末而非先行词后，应还原为Thehouse(that/which)Igrewupin,that/which作in的宾语可省略。B新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com老师都说好!2020/2/13方法点拨：考生要把关系代词指代的先行词代入到定语从句，把定语从句还原为一个完整的简单句，再判定先行词在句子中的成分，由此来选择正确的关系代词。先行词指人，则用who/that,whom作宾语；先行词指物，则用which,that。注意关系代词的省略：关系代词若在限制性定语从句中作宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略，其他情况不可省。关系代词新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com老师都说好!2020/2/13Itriedtogetoutofthebusiness,______Ifoundimpossible.A.whenB.whatC.thatD.whichMyfriendshowedmeroundthetown,______wasverykindofhim.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itDA在非限制性定语从句中，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。二者的区别主要在于：1.as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以插入句中，常带有“正如……，正像……”的意思。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，翻译成“这”。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.关系代词as和which新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com老师都说好!2020/2/13as的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如：1．ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述2．asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样3．asiswellknown众所周知4．aswasexpected正如预料的那样5．ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样6．asweallcansee正如我们都会看到的那样新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com老师都说好!2020/2/13•______isknowntousallisthattheoldscientiststillworkshardinhiseighties.•______isknowntousallthattheoldscientiststillworkshardinhiseighties.•______isknowntousall,theoldscientiststillworkshardinhiseighties.A.AsB.whatC.WhichD.ItWhatItAs新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com老师都说好!2020/2/13Beijingwasattackedbysuchaterriblesandstorm_____fewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.A.anditwasB.asC.thatD.whichB2.若先行词有such,thesame,soadj.+a/an等修饰时，用as充当关系代词引导定语从句，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。Sheissuchanicegirlaswealllike.(as是关系代词，代替先行词suchanicegirl,充当like的宾语。意思为：她是一个我们大家都喜欢的乖女孩。)对比：Sheissuchanicegirlthatwealllikeher.(结果状语从句。意思为：她是如此乖的一个女孩以至于我们大家都喜欢她。)关系代词as和which新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com老师都说好!2020/2/13•Disney,______moneywasnownoproblem,startedanewfilmcompany.A.forwhoseB.forwhomC.forwhichD.towhich•Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhomBD“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which。1.某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提至关系代词之前。但是在一些固定搭配的短语动词中则不能，如takecareof,lookfor,lookafter,carefor等。Thisisthebook(which/that)Iamlookingfor.不可以说：ThisisthebookforwhichIamlooking.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句2.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词修饰，且有时这些数词或代词也可以放在“介词+关系代词”之后。Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.=Helovedhisparentsdeeply,ofwhombothareverykindtohim.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com老师都说好!2020/2/13•Thepoormanhasnohouse____________.A.whichtoliveB.toliveC.inwhichtoliveD.toliveinCD3.介词+which/whom+todo结构。这种结构可以改为：介词+which/whom+定语从句。Idon'thaveenoughmoneywithwhichtobuysuchanexpensivedress.=Idon'thaveenoughmoneywithwhichIcanbuysuchanexpensivedress.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句4.在非限制性定语从句中，which可作定语，指先行词(短语或句子)所表示的信息，形成“介词+which+名词”结构，相当于andin/at/duringthis/that+名词。Hewasveryill,inwhichcase(=andinthiscase)wesenthimtohospitalfirst.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com老师都说好!2020/2/13•Athome,heneverseemstohavetimeuntilafter10:30pm,______hischildrenhavegonetobed.A.whichB.becauseC.whenD.bywhichtimeDWewerenext-doorneighborsforthreeyears,duringwhichtimewemetonlytwice.Iwastoldmyworkwasunsatisfactory,atwhichpointIsubmittedmyresignation关系词whosewhose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich/=ofwhichthe+名词。还原为：the+名词+of+先行词/先行词's+名词。Theclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenisonthesecondfloor.(whose在从句中作定语，修饰door，定语从句可还原为：Thedooroftheclassroomisbroken.)新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com老师都说好!2020/2/13•Thenewly-builtcafé,thewallsof_____arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterwork.A.thatB.itC.whatD.which•Thatisthenewmachine_______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.ofwhichC.whoseD.whatDC新课标资源网wx.jtyjy.com老师都说好!2020/2/13•I’dliketogivemythankstothose______helpmysonwillbeabletosurvivehisterribledisease.A.whoB.thatC.withwhoseD.withtheir•Thefamousscientist,______adinnerpartywillbeheldtonight,istoarrivesoon.A.inhonourofhimB.inhishonourC.inwhosehonourD.inwhichhonourCC1.关系副词的分类和作用(1)when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；when=表示时间的介词(in/at/on/during…)+which。Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametotheschool.(2)where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where=表示地点的介词(in/at/on/under…)+which。Thehousewhere/inwhichIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.关系副词when/where/why(3)why指原