高中英语句子成分分析

英语句子成分Part1MembersofaSentencecontent什么是句子成分CONTENTS句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。如果把一个句子看成是一棵树，那么一颗树的组成部分有树干、树枝、树叶；而一个句子的组成部分就有主语、谓语、宾语等。英语中的句子成分主要有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语各个成分的功能一、主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______。Youngpeoplelovepopmusic．句首各个成分的功能Itrainsquiteofteninspring．Beingwithyouisterrible．主语的主要类型包括：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或-ed分词、不定式、-ing分词和(主语)从句等。Shewasinabadmood．Fivewillbeenough．Thereisaboy.Thedisabledarewelltakencareof．Spittinginpublicisnotallowed．It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk．ThatMissGrayspeaksChinesesurprisedusall．各个成分的功能practice(形式)主语(真正的)主语Therebe结构中主语在be动词后•1.WeloveChina.•2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.•3.HecanspeakEnglish.二、谓语二、谓语(verb):说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由______充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.动词各个成分的功能△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.各个成分的功能各个成分的功能practiceHepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Theyareworkinginthefield.Hehascaughtabadcold.表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于系动词后，构成系表结构。三、表语(predicative)：各个成分的功能系动词Addyourtitle表示状态AddyourtitleAddyourtitleAddyourtitle感官系动词变得be一直保持keep，remain，stay看起来，似乎seem，appearlook,sound,smell,taste,feelbecome,turn,fall,grow,get,go,come,run各个成分的功能各个成分的功能各个成分的功能Hisfatherisateacher.Theleavesturnyellowinautumn.Myjobislookingafterher.Mysoupsmellsdelicious.TomisinShanghainow.Thequestioniswhyweshouldputoffthemeeting.practice四、宾语宾语(object)表示动作的承受者，在句中一般放在之后，有时在_______之后。宾语的主要类型：名词、代词、副词、不定式、-ing分词、从句等。（能做主语的成分）Drywoodcatchesfireeasily．Generalquestionscan’tpuzzlethecleverboy．Wecaninvitethemtoourparty．Youwon’tforgetattendinghisconcert．Idon’tunderstandwhatyoumean．各个成分的功能及物动词介词1.Heisdoinghishomework.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.practice介词宾语双宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语:直接宾语,即动作的直接承受者(directobject)和间接宾语，即动作的间接承受者(indirectobject),称为双宾语.这两个宾语往往一个指人(一般为间接宾语),另一个指物(一般为直接宾语).间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前.Hegavemeabook.间接宾语直接宾语有时为了强调间接宾语,也可将间接宾语后置,并在其前加上介词to或for.Hegaveabooktome.Heboughtthisbookforme.Haveatry:Theypassedussomeapples.Theypassedsomeapplestous.Theshopkeepersoldmearuler.Theshopkeepersoldarulertome.IODOIODO五、定语:(attribute)定语：修饰主语、宾语和表语形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语、数词、代词、句子等都可以用来充当定语。在翻译时往往译为“……的”Thisisalivelyandinterestingclass.后置定语Thereissomethingdifficulttodealwith.有一些要处理的难题．这是一节生动有趣的课．前置定语Newtonisafamousscientist.Let’slistentotheweatherforecast.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.形容词、名词、不定式、分词、介词短语、数词、代词、句子等都可以用来充当定语。六、状语:(adverbial)状语是修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分；按用途分，可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状况等。1.Whocanwritebeautifully?2.We’regoingtospendtheholidayattheseaside.3.Notknowingwhattodo,Idecidedtogiveup.4.Hismotheroftencomestoseehim.5.Assoonastheteachercamein,allthestudentsstoodup.七、补语：补语最常用于复合结构中，对动词后的宾语进行补充说明。修饰对象是名词，对宾语进行补充说明的是宾补(objectcomplement)，对主语进行解释说明的是主补。复合结构：宾语＋宾补nadjadv.介词短语分词短语与动词不定式各个成分的功能Iconsideryourbrotheracleverboy.Ifoundtheclassroomempty.Isawhimentertheroom.Ibelievehimtobehonest.Iheardtheboycrying.Heleftthegirlintheroom.各个成分的功能ReviewSVODOIOOCPSubject主语Verb谓语动词（vi,vt）Object宾语Directobject直接宾语Indirectobject间接宾语Objectcomplement宾语补足语Predicative表语Attri.定语Adv.状语Theygivemeabook.Myfathertoldusastory.WenamethepandaXiwang.Theteacheroftenmakesuslaugh.IO+DOorDO+OC?双宾宾补练习一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：•1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.•2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.•3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.•4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!•5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttriIOVAdvAttriAdvDO•6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.•7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.•8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.•9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.•10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.•11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.•12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.•13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttriPO.S.PS.PVO.AdvO.RO.Adv•14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?•15.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?•16.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.•17.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.•18.Henoticedamanentertheroom.•19.Theapplestastedsweet.•20.Thebirdisflying.O.AttriIOAdvAdvSPO.C.O.C.PDOV