英语介词用法

英语语法知识介词用法（Theuseofpreposition）介词(preposition)一介词的分类与语法功能1.介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句）构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词（由一个单词构成）:at、in、on、for、to复杂介词（由两个或两个以上单词构成）：within、inside、onto、throughout复杂介词可以包括两个、三个、甚至四个单词，称为“双词介词”、“三词介词”、和“四词介词”accordingto/outof/becauseof/insteadofbymeansof/inspiteof/atvariancewith/forfearof/onaccountofattheexpenseof/atthemercyof/forthebenefitof/forthesakeof/onthegroundsof/onthescoreof/undertheauspicesof双重介词：frombehind/above/under,untilafter分词介词：considering,including,judgingfrom/by1.Itisgoingtorainthisafternoonaccordingtotheweatherforecast.2.Hequarrelledwithheryesterday.3.Hesucceededinpassingthefinalexamination.4.I’mstillthinkingofhowIcanfulfillthetaskaheadoftime.5.TheprofessorwillgiveusatalkonhowtostudyEnglishwell.总结1：介词后常接名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式组成介词短语。总结2:介词短语在句子中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补。Thismachineisingoodcondition.Whereisthekeytomybike?Nothingintheworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater.Shealwaysthinksherselfaboveothers二.介词搭配1.动词＋介词robsbofsth(clear/inform/cheat/remind/accuse/cure.etc)supplyuswithsth=supplysthto/forsb(provide/fill)makesthof/from/into介词＋the+人体部位（strike/catch/hit/preventsbfromdoingpersuadesbinto/outofdoingsth(advise/warn/reason)buysthforsb(leave/get/win/gain/lose)tellsthtosb(show/teach/sing/write/read)givesthtosb(allow/promise/pass/hand)saytosb(suggest/explain/apologize/murmur/whisper)同一介词与不同动词（to/for/at…同一动词与不同介词的搭配(look/agree/hear/call/stand…2.形容词＋介词afraid/angry/anxious/tired/strict/goodpopular/pleased/known/familiar1.I’mafraid_____beinglateforschoolbecausemyheadteacherisverystrict_____us.2.Einsteinwasknown______histheoryofrelativity_____afamousphysicsscientist______theworld.3.Heisangry_____whathise-palhassaidforheistired_____beinglaughedatbyothers.4.Theboyisfamiliar______thefictionbecauseitisverypopular______teenagerssofar.3.名词＋介词1.Theabsence/lackofwateristhemostseriousproblem.2.Thegirlhasagoodway_____studyingEnglish.3.Thekey_____successliesindiligenceandwisdom.三重点介词的用法归纳与辨析1.表示世纪、年、月、季、周用in/during,inthe1990s,inMay,inspring,inthefirstweekofJune2.在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上、前夕用on3.在某一时刻、或某一点时间用at.4.till,until,to的用法。1）till/until与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂动词连用用在否定句（在句首、强调句不用till).2)to表终结常与from连用from…to…fromtimetotimefromhandtohandfromdoortodoorfromhousetohousefromone+名词＋toanother表“依次”名词+by+同一名词onebyone…5.in,after,laterin+一段时间.常用一般将来时。after+一段时间.常用一般过去时。after+点时间.用各种时态。一段时间＋later过去时6.地点介词:at,on,in,to,offacross,throughover,underbelow,aboveto（静态）,towards(动态）,along7.表示方式、手段、工具的介词by/through(表泛指的方式、手段）by(交通工具类）by/with/in(方式、手段）1.Theboylikeswriting_____apenandespeciallylikeswriting_____blueandblackink.2.Hegotfullmark_____hisowneffort,heoftencontactswithhisepals_____email.8.表“除…之外”的介词besides,but＝except，exceptfor,exceptthat…注意：1）前面有不定代词、疑问代词时，多用butAllbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesliterature.2）后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用butHehasnothingtodobutwait.3)固定短语havenochoicebuttodosth（只得做某事）cannotbutdosth＝cannothelpbutdosth(不得不）butfor/butthat…（要不是）9.between/among(三者以上）1）Maryissitting_____TomandwangLi.2）Shewasbusy_____cooking,washing,sewingandlookingafterthebaby.3）Shanghaiis_____thelargestcitiesintheworld.4）Ahorsecanbeseen_____treesnow.1.Hedidn’tcometothemeeting______hisillness.2.Thereason______hisbeingangryisthathelosthiscellphone.3.______aheavysnow,thehighwayhasbeenclosedup.4.Theaccidentis______thedriver’sdrinking.10表原因的介词：for,becauseof,dueto,owingto,onaccountof,asaresultof11.不定式复合结构中的for,of1）Itisclever______youtoanswersuchadifficultanswer.2）Itismean______hertogivemesolittlepocketmoney.3）Itisquiteimpossible_____himtoexplainwhy.4）Itishard______youtolearnaforeignlanguagewithoutperseverance.12.兼类词（兼作连词和副词）aftersincetill/untilbefore.•介词词组与某些限定分句的转换关系：•介词词组作状语和名词修饰成分，与某些作类似用法的限定从属分句有一定转换关系：•1）介词词组在意义上相当于that-分句•Didanyoneinformyouofthechangeoftheplans?•Didanyoneinformyouthattheplanshadbeenchanged?•AreyousureaboutSimon’sdisappearance?•AreyousurethatSimonhasdisappeared?•Theyoungmanconvincedeveryoneofhisinnocence.•Theyoungmanconvincedeveryonethathewasinnocent.•2)介词词组在意义上相当于状语分句：•Becauseofhismistakeseveralpeopledied.•Becausehemadeamistake,severalpeopledied.•Despitethecity’smanyattractions,Johnnystillpreferredhiscottageinthecountry.•Althoughthecityhasmanyattractions,Johnnystillpreferredhiscottageinthecountry.•Withinmyknowledge,nothingikethishaseverhappenedbefore.•AsfarasIknow,nothinglikethishaseverhappednedbefore.•Withouthissister’smoney,Harrywouldneverbeadoctor.•Ifitweren’tforhissister’smoney,Harrywouldneverbeadoctor.•3)介词词组在意义上相当于关系分句：•ThemanwitharedbeardistalkingtoHenry’sfather.•ThemanwhohasaredbeardistalkingtoHenry’sfather.