南昌大学语言学课件(英语)

1IntroductiontoLinguistics语言学导论EnglishUndergraduateProgram,DepartmentofEnglish,SchoolofForeignStudiesNanchangUniversity(NCU)Instructor:JIANGPing蒋平Tel.:8304591(O)/13672236666Syllabus教学计划CourseDescription:ThiscourseaimsatprovidingundergraduatejuniorstudentsofEnglishmajorwithaclearlysystematicaccountofthebasicknowledgeofthestudyoflinguisticswithillustrationsandinterestingexamplesfromEnglishandChinesetohelpdevelopstudents’interestinthisstudyandtofacilitateabetterunderstandingofthelinguistictermsandtheoriesbythestudents.MajorBooksUsedforthisCourse:1)Linguistics.ACourseBook(SecondEdition).2001byHuZhuanglin北京大学出版社usedasstudents’textbook2)EssentialsofLinguistics.usedastheteacher’sreferencebook3)AnIntroductiontoLanguage.1988byV.Fromkin&R.Rodman.TheDrydenPress,usedastheteacher’sreferencebookCourseRequirements:1)Activeparticipationinclassandallrelatedactivities2)Completeclassandafter-classassignments3)PassthefinalexaminationCourseSchedule:1)GeneralIntroduction2)Designfeaturesandfunctionsoflanguage3)Mainbranchesandimportantdistinctionsoflinguistics4)Speechsounds5)Phonologicalanalysis6)Lexicon7)Wordformationandlexicalchange8)Syntax9)Meaning10)Languageprocess,comprehensionandproduction11)Language,cultureandsociety12)Thestudyoflanguageinuse—pragmatics13)Therelationbetweenlanguageandliterature14)Language,computer,andcorpuslinguistics15)Linguisticsandforeignlanguageteaching216)SummaryLecture1GeneralIntroduction:ModernLinguisticsandLinguisticStudiesBeforeInthislecture,weshallmakeageneralintroductiontothedevelopmentofmodernlinguisticsandthelinguisticstudiesbefore.Thestudentswillgetageneralpictureofthedevelopmentandthemainlinguisticschoolsandtheirstudiesthroughthislecture.0.Classactivity:Whatislanguage?Whatdoesyourminddomostofthetime?1.Thestartingpointofmodernlinguistics:1)Thefirstmodernlinguisticapproacha.The“fatherofmodernlinguistics”--FerdinanddeSaussure索绪尔(1857-1913)b.Thefirstmodernlinguisticbook“ACourseonGeneralLinguistics”,《普通语言学教程》2studentsgotitpublishedin19162)Whyisit“modern”?Becauseoftheviewsandtheresearchmethods.Eg.Languageisasystemofsigns.Soundsystem,meaningsystem.2.WhathappenedbeforeSaussure?TraditionalapproachestolinguisticsThreesuccessivephasesbeforeSaussure1)TheGreekresearchersandtheirstudies--“TraditionalGrammar”institutedBasedonlogicAimingsolelyatprovidingrulesDistinguishingcorrectfromincorrectformsClassicstudy,philosophical,logical,meaning32)TheresearchesduringtheMiddleAges--PhilosophyAlexandriaandhis“philosophical”schoolLinguisticstructureisnotthecentralconcern,butmeaningisSeekingprimarilytoestablish,interpretandcommentupontextsApplyingthemethodofcriticismComparisonoftextsofdifferentperiodsandofdifferentwritersMajordata—writtenlanguagePavedthewayforhistoricallinguisticsMajorconcern—exclusivelyGreek&Romanantiquity（古籍）Prescriptivegrammar3)Theresearchesbylinguistsduring1800-1900--“Comparativegrammar”(1)Theestablishmentoflinguisticfamilytrees—TheIndo-EuropeanFamilyTree印欧语系TheSino-TibetanFamilyTree汉藏语系(2)InternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)国际音标thepublicationin18881816,“TheSanskritConjugation(动词变位)System”byFranzBopp,whichstudiedtheconnectionsbetweenSanskrit（梵文）,Germanic,Greek,Latin,etc.TheprimitiveelementsthatSanskritmaintainedarevitalforthepurposesofreconstructionofIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.Laterrepresentatives—MaxMüller,G.Curtius,A.SchleicherHistoricalandcomparative,etymological(语源学的)Comparativistschoolwasthedominatingstudyofthetime3.Whatdoesmodernlinguisticscover?1)Saussureandhisstudy:theearlieststructuralist2)PragueSchool布拉格学派Theleadingfigure—V.Mathesius马泰休斯(1882-1946);Flourishedduring1920s-30s;Mainstreamstructuralism;synchronic;Approachlanguagestructurallyandfunctionally—form-functionalapproach;FollowedbothPolishB.deCourtenay(库尔特内)andSwissF.deSaussure;Firstfunctionalist;1976,FoundedtheInternationalFunctionalLinguisticAssociation(headedbyMrlinet);Distinguishedcontributions:a)Establishedthetheoryofphonology;distinctionbetweenphoneticsandphonology;developedphonologyasan4independentstudyin1939;b)Mathesius’functionalanalysisofsentencecomponents—veryclosetothepresentdivisionofgiven/newortheme/rheme,functionalsyntacticanalysis.3)AmericanStructuralism/Alsocalleddescriptivelinguistics美国结构主义/描写语言学DevelopedindependentlyfromtheanthropologicalstudiesbyBoas,Sapir,etc.；Therepresentativefigure—LeonardBloomfield(1887-1946),hisLanguage《语言论》(1933)；Flourishedduring1930s-1950s；Structuralandbehavioral；Majorfocus—syntacticanalysis；Contribution—ICanalysis(immediateconstituentanalysis)直接成分分析法。4)TheChomskianapproachTheleadingfigure—NoamChomsky(1928--);Influentialduring1960s-1980s;Formalapproach,deepstructure/surfacestructure;NPVP;Psychological;wewerebornwithLAD(languageacquisitiondevice);innateness;Majorfocus—syntax;Contributions—a.PhraseStructureTheory;b.Transformational-GenerativeGrammar.5)LondonSchool伦敦学派Leadingfigures:Malinowsky马林诺夫斯基(1884-1942)—anthropologist;Firth弗斯(1890-1960)the1stprofessorofGeneralLinguisticsinGreatBritain;M.A.K.Halliday韩礼德(1925--)Systemic-FunctionalGrammar;Influentialfromthe1980s;Functionalapproachandanthropo