积分球校准操作说明

PhotometrySystemCalibration光度测定系统标准PhotometryTrainingAugust20062Photometry光度测量Whatisphotometry?什么是光度测量Photometryisthemeasurementoflight.光度测定是用来测量光Ifyoucannotmeasurewhatyouproduce,youwillnotbeinbusinessforlong.如果你不能测量你自己的产品,那么你不会有长久的买卖PhotometryTrainingAugust20063ElectromagneticSpectrum电磁波频谱PhotometryTrainingAugust20064Radiation辐射–LightistheportionoftheElectromagneticSpectrumthatcanexcitetheretinaandproduceavisualsensation.–光是电磁波频谱的一部分,它能刺激视网膜产生视觉–VisibleLight可见光–380to800nm–UltraVioletRadiation紫外辐射–UV-C-200to260nm–UV-B-260to320nm–UV-A-320to400nm长波紫外线–InfraRedRadiation红外辐射–800to3600nmPhotometryTrainingAugust20065RelativeEyeSensitivities眼睛相对的灵敏度ScotopicEyeSensitivityCurve暗视觉灵敏度曲线PhotopicEyeSensitivityCurve适光PhotometryTrainingAugust20066IntegratingSpheres–Whyusethem?积分球•Inpractice,luminousfluxismeasuredusinganintegratingsphere.•习惯上积分球用来测量光通量•Thespheresarecoatedwithahighlydiffuse,reflectiveandspectrallyflatcoating.•球面上覆盖有一层高反射物质•Theadvantageofasphereisthatthelightfromthetestsourceis“integrated”viamultiplereflectionssuchthatthereflectedlightstrikinganypointonthespherewallisproportionaltotheluminousfluxemittedbythelamp.•球的优势是测试源的光是”完整的”,经过多次反射,反射光照到球面内任何一个点上的灯发出的光通量是均衡的PhotometryTrainingAugust2006SystemDesign系统设计TestLamp测试灯Baffle挡片Detector探头Baffle挡片AuxiliaryLamp辅助灯PowerSystemPhotometryTrainingAugust20068SphereDesign球设计•Detectortomeasurethelightoutput.•探头测量光的输出•Baffletoblockthedirectlightfromthelampfromthedetector•档片阻挡从灯管直接到探头的光–Weareinterestedintheintegratedreflectedlightinthespherenotdirectlight(Illuminance).–我们要测定的是在球内完整的反射光而不是直接照射光•AuxiliaryLampandbaffletomonitorthespherecalibrations.•辅助灯和挡片是监控球的标准PhotometryTrainingAugust20069SpherePhotometer球面光度计PhotometryTrainingAugust200610SphereTheory球原理E=I/r2E=Illuminance照度I=LuminousIntensity发光强度PhotometryTrainingAugust200611E=I/AE=IlluminanceI=LuminousIntensityLINE1HASONEREFLECTION直线1有一个反射E1=r/ASphereTheoryPhotometryTrainingAugust200611222E=I/ALINE2HASTWOREFLECTIONSE2=rr/ASphereTheoryPhotometryTrainingAugust2006112223333E=I/ALINE3HASTHREEREFLECTIONSE3=rrr/ASphereTheoryPhotometryTrainingAugust2006ETOTAL=I/r2+r/A+rr/A+rrr/A+...ETOTAL=I/r2+r/A+r2/A+r3/A+...ETOTAL=I/r2+/AS(r+r2+r3+...)ETOTAL=I/r2+rA(1-r)SphereTheoryETOTAL=rAfterBaffleInsertiontoBlockDirectA(1-r)Thedetectorsignalisproportionaltoluminousflux!探测到的信号与光通量成比例PhotometryTrainingAugust200615BasicPhotometrySystemsLMTBaffleLMTI1000orI1200.AttenuatorsettingSpectrometer(DAS,OMA,Spectrometer)RawLumensSPDPhotometryTrainingAugust200616•Units:Lumens–1lmis1“lightWatt”.•单位:Lumens-1lm是1”光瓦”•Eyesensitivitycorrectedpower.•Definition:Thetimerateofflowofradiantenergy(radiantpower)asweightedbythephotopicspectralsensitivityoftheeye.•定义:光源在单位时间内所发出的光量,其中可产生视觉者•Ifauniformpointlightsourceof1cdluminousintensityispositionedatthecenterofasphereof1-mradius,everyareaof1m2ontheinsideofthespherewillreceivealuminousfluxof1lm.•如果在一个半径为1m的球内的中心位置有一个光强度为1cd的均匀点光源,在1m2内表面接收到的光通量是1lm.LuminousFlux(Φ)光通量PhotometryTrainingAugust200617DeterminedbyEquation:方程式•Pλ()isthespectralpowerdistribution(SPD)ofthelightsourceinW/nm•Pλ()是光源的光谱能量分布W/nm•V()isthephotopicspectralsensitivityoftheeye–usedhereasa“weightingfactor”•V()是眼睛产生的视觉-”权重因数”•Thisisthefundamentalphotometricequation•这是光度的基本方程•k=683lm/WLuminousFlux(Φ)PhotometryTrainingAugust200618F32T8TL850Spectra0.00E+005.00E-021.00E-011.50E-012.00E-012.50E-013.00E-013.50E-01360410460510560610660710760Wavelength(nm)SpectralPower(arbitraryunits)00.20.40.60.811.2Relativepowerthattheeyesees00.050.10.150.20.250.3360410460510560610660710760Wavelength(nm)SpectralPower(arbitraryunits)P()=lamppowerspectra灯能量范围V()=eyesensitivitycurve视觉灵敏曲线P()*V()=effectivepowerspectratheeyesees可见功率范围YoucanthinkoftheeyeasadetectorwitharesponsecurveV()眼睛就象是V(λ)曲线所反应PhotometrySystemCalibrationPhotometryTrainingAugust200619PhotometrySystemCalibration光度系统标准•Whycalibrate?为什么用标准？–PropercalibrationlinksPhilips’measurementstoStandardInternationalUnits—opticalwattandlumen.–飞利蒲测量单位是以国际单位为标准-瓦特和流明–USFederalTradeCommissionrequiresthatratingsincatalogues,inadvertising,etcbebasedinactualmeasurements.–美国商务委员会要求刊登在目录、广告等要基于实物测量–ManycustomersrequestcertificationtoANSI,CSA,orotherstandards.Photometricmeasurementsareapartofmanycertifications.–许多顾客要求有ANSI,CSA或者其它标准的认证。光度测量也是这些标准中的一部分。•Governmentalcontracts(stateandnational)manytimesrequirecertification.•政府合同大多数要求有证明–PhilipsLightingisinthebusinessofprovidinglightandlightingsolutions,NOTselling“lightbulbs”.Wemustbeabletomeasurewhatwesell.–飞利蒲照明是供应灯和照明方案，不出售“电灯泡”。我们必须有能力测试我们所卖的。•Luminousflux,color,CRI,Lifetime,etciswhatwesellandhowwedifferentiateourselvesfromothers.•我们出售的产品的光通量、色温、CRI、寿命等，如何与其它公司区别PhotometryTrainingAugust200620PhotometrySystemCalibration•Whycalibrate?–Withoutgoodmeasurements,wecannot:–没有好的测量法，我们不能：•Determineourquality.•决定我们的质量•Judgetheeffectivenessofimprovementsorproductcostreductions.•判定效力的提升或者生产成本减少•Properlyanalyzecustomercomplaints.•完整的分析顾客抱怨•Effectivelybenchmarkthecompetition.•有效的竞争基点•Providegooddataforcourtcases.•提供对案例有益的资料•Rebutcompetitionclaimsandmisinformation.•反驳竞争要求和误传•S