药理学I大纲

药理学—I大纲1.InformationCoursename:pharmacology-ⅠCoursenumber：50128050Coursesort：basicmedicalsciencescoursePeriod：5period/week，85period/semesterCredit：52.ObjectiveandrequestPharmacologyisoneoftheimportantbasicmedicalsciences.Itisainterdisciplinarycoursewhichhascloserelationshipwithmanyothermedicalanddisciplines,suchasphysiology,biochemistry,immunology,pathology,anatomy,histology,andclinicalmedicinesaswell,itisabridgebetweenthebasicmedicalsciencesandclinicalmedicines.Itisastudyofthepharmcodyanamicsandpharmcokinetics,thecoursearegroupedintofiveparts,theseincludegeneralprinciple,autonomicagents,renalandcardiovasculardrugs,centralnervoussystemsagents,andchemotherapeuticdrugs.Thiscourseisintendedtointroducethebasicknowledgeaboutthestructureofthedrug,themechanismofdrugactionsandthetherapeuticusefulnessofthedruginthetreatmentofdiseasesarestressed.3.ContentChapter1GeneralPharmacologicprinciplesiutroduction1.Drugs:concept2.Pharmacology:majorcontentofpharmacology:Pharmacodynamicsandpharmocokinetics.Theresponsibilityofpharmaclogy.3.Historyofpharmacology.4.Newdrugdevelopmentandresearch.Chapter2Effectsofdrugsonthebody–Pharmacodynamics1.Drug’sactionandpharmacologicaleffect.2.ThebasicdisplayofDrugaction.3.Specificityandselectivity.4.Treatmentactionandadversereaction:(Sidereaction,toxicreaction,residualeffect,withdrawalreaction,allergicreactionandidiosyncrasy).5.Drug’sdose–effectrelationship:Dose–effectcurve,efficacy,Potency,ED50,LD50;TherapeuticindexandMarginofsafety.Drug’smechanism:conceptofreceptor,affinityandintrinsicactivity,agonist,antagonistandpartialagonist,receptordynamics.TheconceptandsignificanceofPD2,PA2.Receptorclassificationandthesecondmessenger.receptorofregulationofadjust.Chapter3Effectsofthebodyondrugs–pharmacokineticsDrug’stransport:Simplediffusion,activetransport,facilitateddiffusion.Thefeatureofdrugsupplyway.Firstpasseliminationandthefactorofeffectingonabsorption.Thesenseandregularityofplasmaproteinbinding.Theeffectofdrugdistribution.Biotransformation:theway,thefeatureofliverdrug’senzyme,inducingandinhibitingagentsofliverdrug’senzyme.Excretion:thefeatureofkidneyexcretion.Bileexcretion:Hepatoenteralcirculation.Time–concentration(orresponse)relationshipthebasicconceptandparametersofpharmacokinetics:zero–orderkineticsandone–orderkinetics,onecompartmentandtwocompartmentmodel,bioavailability,apparentvolumeofdistribution(Vd),clearance(CL),steady-stateconcentration(Css),theconceptandsenseofhalf–lifetime(t1/2).Chapter4FactorsaffectingdrugactionandtherationalclinicaluseofdrugsDrugpreparation,drug’sinteraction,synergisinandantagonism,theeffectfactorofdrug,habitation,tolerance,dependence,addiction.Drugabuse.Drugresistance:conceptreasonableprincipleofdrugusage.Chapter5IntroductiontoautonomicnervoussystemPhysiologicalfunctionofautonomicnervoussystemTransmitterandreceptorofautonomicnervoussystemTransmittersynthesis,deposition,releaseanddisappearanceofautonomicnervoussystem.Chapter6CholinoceptoragonistsPharmacologicaleffectsandclinicalusesofpilocarpine.Pharmacologicaleffectsofacetylcholine.Adversereactionsofpilocarpine.Chapter7anticholinesteraseandcholinesterasereactivatorPharmacologicaleffectsandclinicalusesofneostigmine.Themechanismandclinicalsignofacuteorganophsphatespoisoning.Thepricipleoftreatmentwithacuteorganophsphatespoisoning.Actionmechanismofanticholinesterase.Theactionmechanismofcholinesterasereactivator.Chronictoxicityoforganophsphates.Chapter8M-cholinoceptorblockingdrugsPharmacologicaleffectsandclinicalusesofatropine.Sideeffectsofatropine.Pharmacologicaleffectsandclinicalusesofanisodamineandscopolamine.Atropinerelatedderivatives.Chapter9N-CholinoceptorBlockingdrugsTheactionmechanismsofN2receptorblockingagents.ClinicaluseofcompetitiveneuromuscularblockersClinicaluseofsuxamethonium.Chapter10AdrenoceptoragonistsPharmacologicaleffectsandclinicalusesofadrenaline,noradrenalineandisoprenaline.Pharmacologicaleffectsandclinicalusesofephedrineanddopamine.Structure-effectsrelationshipPharmacokineticsofadrenalineandnoradrenaline.Otheradrenoceptoragonists.Chapter11AdrenoceptorblockingdrugsPharmacologicaleffectsandclinicalusesofβreceptorblockingagents.Pharmacologicaleffectsandclinicalusesofphentolamineandhenoxybenzamine.Classificationofαadrenoceptorblockingdrugs.Adverseeffectsofβreceptorblockingagents.Chapter12Localanesthetics1.Theconceptoflocalanesthetics:Localanesthetics,mechanism,action.2.Prcaine,Tetracaine,Lidocaine:pharmacologicaleffectsandmechanismofaction,clinicaluses,adversereaction.3.Thewayoflocalanestheticssupply,selectivedrug,theprincipleofuses.4.Theaffectingfactoroflocalanesthetics.Chapter13Sedative–hypnotics1.Conceptandclassificationofsedative–hypnotics.2.Benzodiazepines:Diazepam,Flurazepam,Oxazepam,Triazolam:pharmacokinetics.pharmacologicaleffectsandmechanismofaction,clinicaluses,adversereaction.3.Barbiturates:Phenobarbital,amobarbital,secobarbital,thiopentall:actions,mechanism,uses,adversereaction.Chapter14Drugusedtotreatepilepsyandanticonvulsants1.classificationofepilepsy,theactionwayofant-epilepsy.2.Phenyt