汽车转向系统毕业论文

哈尔滨工业大学本科毕业论文（设计）-I-帕萨特转向系的优化设计摘要汽车在行驶过程中，需按驾驶员的意志经常改变其行驶方向，即所谓汽车转向。就轮式汽车而言，实现汽车转向的方法是驾驶员通过一套专设的机构，使汽车转向桥上的车轮相对于汽车纵轴线偏转一定角度。因此汽车转向系统的功用是保证汽车能按驾驶员的意志而进行转向行驶。目前在所有前置-前轮驱动轿车上采用的都是齿轮齿条式转向器，一些前置-后轮驱动轿车也采用这种转向器。而电动助力转向系统是目前乘用车最为广泛使用的助力形式。故本文以动力转向系统中的齿轮齿条式电动助力转向系统为主要研究对象。本文以帕萨特车型的转向系统为研究对象，设计的主要内容是：首先分析了本课题研究的目的和意义，分析了电动助力转向系统的工作原理和类型，并对其关键部件进行解释说明，分析了其助力特性。然后重点进行了转向系统的结构参数设计计算，确定了转向系计算载荷，分析了转向系统的设计要求，并对关键部件进行了结构设计。设计转向系中转向器和转向传动机构，并进行三维建模，绘制了转向传动系统、转向操纵系统及主要零部件的工程图，在此基础上使用ADAMS软件对转向系进行优化。关键词：转向系统；优化设计；转向阻力；转向器哈尔滨工业大学本科毕业论文（设计）-II-OptimizationdesignofPassatsteeringsystemAbstractCarinmotiontheprocess,theyaresubjecttochangeitsdriverwilloftentraveldirection,theso-calledsteering.Forwheeledvehicles,thesteeringmethodistorealizethedriverthroughadedicatedagency,makingthecarsteeringaxleonthewheelwithrespecttothelongitudinalaxisofthedeflectionanglecar.Therefore,thefunctionofsteeringsystemistoensurethatcarscanbecarriedoutaccordingtothewillofthedriver'ssteeringwith.Presentinallfront-wheeldrivecarsareusedinrackandpinionsteering,someofthefront-rear-wheeldrivesedanalsousedthissteering.TheEPSsystemiscurrentlythemostwidelyusedpowerpassengerform.Therefore,inthispaper,powersteeringrackandpinionpowersteeringsystemasthemainobjectofstudy.Inthispaper,Passatcarsteeringsystemisregardedastheresearchobject:Firstitanalyzesthepurposeandsignificanceofthisresearchandsummarizesthesteeringsystemcharacteristics.Secondlyitanalyzestheworkingprincipleandthetypesystem,andmakeexplanationofitskeycomponent,andanalyzesitscharacteristic.Thenwecalculatedthestructureparametersofthesystemdesignofsteering.Attheendofeachcomponentsofthethree-dimensionalentitymodeling.Drawthesteeringsystem,thesteeringsystem,andthemaincomponentsoftheengineeringdrawings.Theoptimizationdesignofsteeringtrapezoid,giveouttheoptimizationresults,andmakeanalysisandverification.Keywords:Steeringsystem;optimaldesign;Steeringresistance;Steeringgear哈尔滨工业大学本科毕业论文（设计）-III-目录摘要....................................................................................................................................................I第1章绪论......................................................................................................................................11.1本课题研究的意义和目的...................................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状....................................................................................................................11.3本课题主要研究内容...........................................................................................................4第2章帕萨特电动助力转向系统设计计算..............................................................................52.1电动助力转向系统的结构及工作原理.................................................................................52.1.1电动助力转向系统工作原理.........................................................................................52.1.2电动助力转向系统机构组成及特点介绍....................................................................62.2齿轮齿条转向器结构及工作原理......................................................................................102.4齿轮齿条转向器设计.............................................................................................................122.4.1转向系阻力计算..............................................................................................................132.4.2齿轮轴及齿条设计..........................................................................................................152.5转向传动机构设计.................................................................................................................172.6齿轮轴校核..............................................................................................................................192.7助力系统的助力特性分析....................................................................................................212.7.1转向盘目标手力的分析.................................................................................................212.7.2电动助力转向的助力特性.............................................................................................222.8本章小结..................................................................................................................................22第3章转向系的三维实体建模....................................................................................................233.1转向系传动部分三维建模....................................................................................................233.2转向系操纵机构.....................................................................................................................253.3本章小结..................................................................................................................................27第4章ADAMS优化转向梯形....................................................................................................284.1转向梯形的优化的要求........................................................................................................284.2转向前束角的优化目标函数....................................................................