第五讲 形容词和副词

形容词和副词第五讲高考预测•形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，因被修饰的内容有所不同而具有不同的用法。高考非常重视对此进行考查，如形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词、副词修饰动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及在整个句子中作状语，易混词汇的辨析等。•形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。主要考查：明显的或隐含的比较级意义和最高级意义等。一、形容词1.修饰some,any,every,no和thing，body，one等复合不定代词时，需后置。eg.Thereisnobodyabsenttoday.今天没有人缺席。2.以-able和-ble结尾的形容词可置于最高级形容词或only等词修饰的名词后面。eg.Thatisthebestbookavailable.那是最好用的一本书。Thatistheonlysolutionpossible.那是唯一能解决的方法。（一）形容词的位置3、成对的形容词后置。eg.Shehasmanypencils,blueandred.她有很多铅笔，有蓝的和红的。4、当形容词+“介词/不定式”做定语时，需后置。eg.Theteacheraskedmeaquestiontoodifficulttoanswer.老师问了我一个太难回答的问题。5、当old,long,high,wide,deep等词附有数量词短语作定语，需后置。eg.Atthattimeshewasonlyagirlfiveyearsold.那时，她只是一个五岁的小女孩。多个形容词修饰一个名词,顺序一般限定词→数词→描绘性形容词→大小、长短、高低等→形状→新旧→颜色→国籍、地区、出处→材料→用途+名词限定描绘大长高形状年龄和新老颜色国籍及材料作用类别向后靠最能说明名词本质的词最靠近该名词AbeautifulsmallroundoldtablestoodonthegreenChinesewoolenhallcarpet.有些形容词presentresponsibleconcernedproperinvolvedabsent既可作前置定语，也可作后置定语，但含义不同：ThepresentmembersThememberspresentTheresponsiblemanThemanresponsible现在的成员当时在场的成员可依赖的人应负责的人三、副词时间副词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词today,tomorrow,yesterday,now,then,early,late,once,soon,tonight,long,already,yet,before,sometime,last,after,first,somedayago,later,eversinceoncetwice,always,usuallyoftensometimesnever,last,everwheneverseldomhere,therehomeanywhereabove,outsideinside,out,back,up,down,away,off,farnear,nearby,everywhere,whereververy,too,well,enough,hard,rather,quite,how,so,fast,much,just,together,nearly,onlysuddenlyalmost,hardly,aslongas等,alittle,abiteven,all,howwherewhenwhywhetherhoweverwhereEnough的用法1.形容词/副词+enough2.cannot...enough再......也不为过=cannot/never...tooYoucannotbecarefulenough,Youcanneverbetoocareful.四、形容词、副词的比较级1.平级比较as+原级+as…notas(so)+原级+as…（肯定）（否定）2.As+形容词+as+数词=数词+形容词Thebuildingisastallas100meters.=thebuildingis100meterstall.3.看似是比较结构，但是是固定搭配的词组。aslongas只要，有……之久asfaras就…….而言，到…..地方assoonas一……就aswellas既…….又asgoodas（=verynearly)几乎一样4.比较级的修饰语：rather,much,still,even,far,any,alot,alittle,agreatdealof,byfarabit,threetimes等。5.the+比较级（主+谓）,the+比较级（主+谓）表“越…就越…”eg.Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels他工作越努力，他就越开心。6.the+比较级+ofthetwo+名词表“(两者中)较…的”eg.Theolderofthetwoprofessorsteachesme.两位教授中比较老的那位教我。7、介词by表相差程度eg.Imissthetrainbyoneminute。我差一分钟没赶上火车。SheistallerthanIbythreeinches.=SheisthreeinchestallerthanI.她比我高3英寸。8、more...than...与其......不如......eg.sheismoreshythanunfriendly.9.用比较级形式来表示最高级意义1）形容词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词+anyoftheother+复数名词+anyother+复数名词+therestof+复数名词/不可数名词eg.ShanghaiisthelargestcityinChina.ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.10.比较的对象应该相同。eg.TheclimatehereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.判断正误：ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanJapan.10、当表示“比…相差几倍/几分之几/百分之几时倍数/分数/百分数+比较级+than倍数/分数/百分数+as+原级+as…倍数/分数/百分数+thesize(width,length,etc.)of+…eg.Thisstreetisthreetimesaslongasthatone.Theearthisforty-ninetimesbiggerthanthemoon.Theoldsquareisfourfifthsthesizeofthenewone.Thepopulationofourtownis60percentasmuchasthatoftheirs.11、一些副词有两种形式,一个与形容词同形,一个以ly结尾,但含义不同:closecloselyfreefreelyhardhardlylatelatelymostmostlywidewidelyhighhighlydeepdeeplyloudloudlynearnearly接近地仔细地,密切地免费地自由地,无拘束地努力地几乎不晚,迟近来极,非常主要地广阔地,充分地广泛地高高度地,非常地深,迟(抽象意义)深深地大声地大声地(含有喧闹的意思)邻近几乎