少数民族建筑

ArchitectureofMinorityNationalitiesOurcountryisamulti-ethniccountry.Therearesomanydifferencesbetweeneveryethnic,suchas:food,cloth,custom,language.Especiallyinresidentialconstruction.Now,let’stalkabouttheresidentialconstructionaboutBuyi,Miao,Tujia,Kejia,Moggolnationality.theBuyinationality布依族•Typically,theBuyibuildstheirvillagesnearthemountainsandwater.Asarule,avillagewillconsistofnomorethan100housesorfamilies.Abanyan(榕树)orcamphortree（樟树）isusuallytobefoundattheentrancetoavillage,astheseareconsideredtobesacred,providingprotectionandgoodfortunetothevillageanditsinhabitantsStonestructureRoofsTraditionally,roofsareofthatchandslabs.ThisconstructionstyleissuitablefortheweatherinGuizhou.Insummer,it’sverycooltoliveinthiskindofhouse.Inwinter,it’sverywarmtolivein.Allofthishouseonlyhaveonefloor.Stonehousesnotonlythroughwindandrain,butprimitivesimplicityandbeautiful,theroofliftingweightsjustastwiddlingafeather,safetylivingandnotdepressed.Thiskindofhousewarminwinterandcoolinsummer,itcanpreventmoistandfire,justdaylightingispoor.吊脚楼•在住宅建筑方面，吊脚楼是土家族和苗族的特色。其后半部分建于倾斜度较大的山坡上，前半部分以木柱支撑，形成吊脚柱，故称之为“吊脚楼”。吊脚楼分为半吊脚和全吊脚两种形式，一般有三层：上层储谷，中层住人，下层堆放杂物或关牲畜。这是一种干栏式结构，楼下喂养牲畜或堆放杂物，楼上作姑娘们的闺房，是织布、绣花、绩麻、做鞋之所。Inthebottomofthehouse,it’sjustforsundriesorlivestock.↓WoodstructureThiskindofdesignnotonlyovercomethemountainterrainroughrestrictions,butalsomaximizetheuseofspace;Bothventilation,andmoistureproof;Bothsafetyandhealth.KejiaTuLou•TheKejiawhosettledinthemountainousregionofsouth-westernFujianprovincedevelopedauniqueformofarchitectureknownastulou,literallymeaningearthenstructures.Thetulouareroundorsquareandweredesignedasacombinedlargefortressandmulti-apartmentbuildingcomplex.•Thestructurestypicallyhadonlyoneentrance-way,withnowindowsatgroundlevel.Eachfloorservedadifferentfunction:thefirstfloorcontainedawellandlivestock,thesecondfoodstorage,andthethirdandhigherfloorslivingspaces.overlookoftulouinsideoftulou•Tu-louwerebuilttowithstandattackfrombanditsandmarauders.ThebuildingstyleofMoggolnationalityMongolianyurts蒙古包(Mongolianyurts)是蒙古族牧民居住的一种房子。建造和搬迁都很方便，适于牧业生产和游牧生活。蒙古包呈圆形，有大有小，大者，可容纳600多人；小者可以容纳20个人。蒙古包的架设很简单，一般是搭建在水草适宜的地方，根据蒙古包的大小先画一个画圈，然后便可以开始按照圈的大小搭建。蒙古包看起来外形虽小，但包内使用面积却很大，而且室内空气流通，采光条件好，冬暖夏凉，不怕风吹雨打，非常适合于经常转场放牧民族居住和使用。Introduction•蒙古包的最大优点是易拆易装，便于搬迁，符合游牧经济生活。•蒙古包是东南向而设的。。•蒙古包通体呈现白色•蒙古包独特的造型，具有计时功能。这是蒙古包与其他居室相区别的一大特点。•蒙古包是完全生态和环保的居室ThecharactersofMongolianyurtsTheconstructionofMongolianyurts蒙古包主要由架木、苫毡、绳带三大部分组成。制作不用泥水土坯砖瓦，原料非木即毛，可谓建筑史上的奇观，游牧民族的一大贡献。蒙古包的架木包括：陶脑、乌尼、哈那、门槛。优越性适合环境适应游牧内知外知明堂亮殿修造方便永恒日晷