废黄河三角洲的演变

104109112GEOGRAPHICALRESEARCHVol.lo,N0.4Dee.1991::,1194~185,,,;.,,;,-,lk],,,,,r1,,26,168(),,2,132(),,3,,109()H(),4,,,,,,,,983()(),1000101910201077,,,,1128)(),,1168(),,,19,1429,810,30106,l(),11gd(),F[J,,,78,,l,,,,1494(),,,l7,,,,978()3,,,,,,(,);11855,,,,,,()11941494,,,,,,/)t,.215km,33m/,,1415,78(),,,,1030,,,,,,,,1.582.12m,4m,2,2.55.5m,3.27.33m1539()},,,,,5,5,,,,1494,15783,,,,,,4:31,1578185574km,267m/a8,,!(1)15781591,,,(),,,,,15m/a167787m/a,1642,,,77,,,,239m/a,17m/7,17641804,821797,,,]77603,1llm/a61808(),,_,,17”VnU-†,„A.D,UlJnnq”|110012001400160018002000A.D.!TheextendingJateoftheabandonedYellowRiverestuary1494,,,1575():,,,,,1591(),,,,,1,,,,,,1830(),,,,,,,,,20,,,,,,1826()12(2),,,,,,,,..~-.~~.~~~0.J1\\\/††)””2TheanientYellowRiverestuarylu:109PaoguangPeriod,QingDynasty,,,2,,15m,9.5m,14.78m,),14m),,(),,,,,,(3),1185:96,25,23,85,9,,;,,;,,,1753,176176:(),177:1786()1):1:20,150(24)19812):1:20150(18),51(13),19804:I,33,,,,l,(3)!!!|7|JJ/OL~}J3}}TheVariationsoft]ieabandonrdcjl;wRiverl)eltal,,,m.:}:,2.8m,53m,;3410Zm,J.sm,,2.6m),(4)::::////////////////./lllllll/.,,,///.,/.///:::::::4ThesedimentaryerosssseetionoftheaandonedYellowRiverDelta,1745(),5,,,61806(),,,,,,,,,7),(),,,,16000km,340m,,2:ookm,,181853m,Zm92(5)1):1:20,1(19),151(219821),4:35\l.O}OJnL.rr.rŒ19ŽLO”m,Thesedimentary5()seutionoftheaandonedYellowRiverSubfluvialDelta6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,i,,,,,,,,,1534(),,,,,,,,36.10,:,1,,(),,,,,}},,,:,,,,,,,,,,,1595():,!!,,,1677(),,,,,,,,,,,1595lG,.1,]G76(),,134,,,,,,,,,,,,6,,,_12,:,,,,3l,,,,}:J,,,1826),:,,,,:(),,?,,,,,,l,,,f,,,,,,4:1495(),,,,,]719,,24OC7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(1),,l:m,60Icm,8:kmZ,2.55km2/a,,i,,18551909,19761ThoeomParisollofgrwtlirate,oft10aroasbwoenthoa},andcnedndt}10rocenYollowRirD1()(km)l(kma)119157823)5161578185567J24718551909009l)4195419711976198423131532g81q8zQn”JL119491{kmZ,25mZ3,3m,,,Zm770xlt,600t10771\;,t,19641973(.%,%,36%),:.oJ;.3t,,5.sxloot381.01234567891011121314151617181901)223242526272829303132334353637..:,1959....,1987..,1986,41(2)..,12...,10..().:,1990....,1987...:,1989...,,1990...,197,..,H..35.71..,1084,39(2).(),,199.,1971..:,1989.1......:,1080..I...:,1982....,1987.......,1985,3.383940.200.,,1985..,.,1981...,199,10(1)..,1..,198,11(4).4:THEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEABANDONEDYELLOWRIVERDELTAL1Yuanfang(InstiuteofGeography,ChioeseAeademofSeieneesandStatePlanningCommissionofthePeople5RepublieofChina)Subjoettrm::abandonedYellowRiverDelta,deltaietype,formingstageofdelta,headwarddePositionAbstraetAeeordingtorelevanthistoriealdoeuments,thepaPerstudiestheeharaeterandtheehangingrateofsedimentationattheaneientYellowRiverestuaryfrom1194to1855A.D.,theformingmeehanismandthetyPesoftheabandonedYellowRiverDelta,anditseffeetsonlowerreaehes.Basedontheabovestu-dies,iteanbesummedupinthefollowingasPeets:1.onthebasisoftheehangesofhydrologiealeonditions,silteontentandhumanaetivities,theevolutionaryProeessesoftheabandonedYellowRiverDeltaeanbedistinguishedintotwostages.Intheearlystage(2194]494A.n.)onlyaPartofthedisehargeoftheYellowRiverflowedsouthwardintotheHuaiheRiverandasmallamountofsiltsdePo,itedonthemouth,therefore,thedeveloPingrateoftheaneientdeltawasveryslow.JudgingfromtheIoud-sPeakershaPedestuary,theearlyabandonedYellowRiverDeltabelongedtorunofftidaltypaldelta.IntheIaterstage,asallthedisehargeoftheYellowRiverflowedintotheHuaihe,thesiltsdepositedraPidlyonthemouthregion,andformedbirdbillshaPeddelta.IntheIightofthedeltashaPeinthelaterstagesiteanbeinterredthatthehydrodynamieofwateraetingonthefrontedgeofdeltawasmainlyrunoffandwaves,theridgesoftidaleurrentdeve-loPedoutsidethemouthregion,therefore,thedeltawasregardedastherun-offwavetyPaldelta.2.BeeauseoftheextensionoftheabandonedYellowRiverestuaryintheIaterstagethebaseleveloferosionroserelatively,itIeduPtotheheadwarddePositions,whiehmightreaehtoHenanProvinee.3.TheabandonedYellowRiverDeltaexPandedraPidlysinee494A.n.,esPeeiallyafter2678A.DIt15relatedtothephysiealenvironmentofthewholeareaandtheinereasingliumanaetivities,esPeeiallytoeoldelimatePeriodduring1729eenturiesandhumanaetivitiessineemiddleMingDynasty.