新目标英语中考复习：形容词、副词的用法总结与练习

1新目标英语中考复习：形容词和副词用法总结和练习班级姓名一、形容词：用来修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的英语单词。如：nice，好看的；big，大的；afraid，害怕的等。1）形容词的种类及作用1.性质形容词：直接说明人和事物的性质特征的形容词，有等级变化；可作定语，表语和宾语补足语。Thehandbagisverybeautiful.这个包很漂亮。（表语）MrChenalwaysmakesourEnglishclassinteresting.陈老师总使得我们的英语课堂生动有趣。（宾语补足语）2）叙述形容词：只能作表语，又叫表语形容词；大多数以a开头，如：afraid害怕；alone单独的；alive活着的；asleep睡着的；awake醒来的；well健康的；ill病的；2、形容词的位置（1）作定语放在名词之前：Goodidea!好主意！Beijingisabeautifulcity.北京是一个美丽的城市。（2）做定语后置的情况：①形容词修饰复合不定代词时，要后置（something,anything,everything......)Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.我自行车有问题。②形容词与数词连用做定语时，要后置Theroomisthreemeterslong③形容词短语作定语时，要后置Thesingerisfamousforherwords④表语形容词alive,asleep,awake等作定语时要后置Shewastheonlypersonawake⑤形容词enough修饰名词时，可以前置也可以后置。WehaveenoughchairsforeveryoneYoushouldwearclothesenoughtokeepwarm（2）连系动词之后（be,become,grow,turn,get,go,look,feel,smell,sound,taste,stay,keep,remain)：Thebuildingisthreehundredmeterstall.这栋楼房三百米高。3、多个形容词的排列顺序。限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等）+描述性形容词+大小、形状、长短、高低+新旧、长幼+颜色+产地、材料、用途+被修饰名词asmalloldyellowwoodentable一张黄色的旧木头小桌子anexpensivenewJapanesesportscar一辆昂贵的新型的日本跑车Eg4、含有形容词的常用句型1）it’s+adj+of+sb+todosth(kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,right)表示“某人做某事是..........”It’skindofyoutohelpme.It’sreallycleverofyoutofindthewayhome.2）it’s+adj+for+sb+todosth(difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,useful,necessary,impossible)表示“做某事对某人来说是.......的”It’seasyforachildtowakeupIt’simportantthatwelookaftertheEarth5、几组形容词词义的辨析pleased（自身感到愉快的）andpleasant(令人愉快的)Myparentsarepleasedhearthepleasantnews.1）alone（单独）andlonely（内心孤单的）Hewenttothemountainalone,sohefellslonely.22）interested（自身感兴趣的）andinteresting（令人感兴趣的）Heisinterestedintheinterestingthing.3）elder（年长的，具有血缘关系）andolder（年龄大的）Myeldersisterisolderthanme.4）farther（远的）andfurther（进一步的）RomeisfartherfromLondonthanParisis.Doyouneedfurtherhelp？小试牛刀()1.My____sisteristwoyears_____thanI.A.older;olderB.elder;elderC.older;elderD.elder;older()2.Therewas_____houseinfrontofthehill.A.awoodenoldfineB.anoldwoodenfineC.afineoldwoodenD.anoldfinewooden()3.Whatan_____story!I’m_____init.A.interested;interestingB.interesting;interestedC.interested;interestedD.interesting;interesting()4.Afterturning.Sheistootiredtowalk______.A.fartherB.furtherC.farthestD.furthest()5.Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfell______.A.lonelyB.aloneC.happilyD.Friendly二、副词:副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。1、副词的分类和作用:1)时间和频度副词:now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,lately,next,last,already,ever,never,yet,soon,too,hardly,finally,shortly,before,ago,sometimes,yesterday.2)地点副词:here,there,everywhere,anywhere,in,out,inside,outside,above,below,down,back,forward,home,upstairs,downstairs,across,along,round,around,near,off,past,up,away,on.3)方式副词:Carefully,suddenly,normally,fast,well,politely,proudly,softly,warmly4)程度副词:much,little,very,rather,so,too,still,quite,enough,almost5)疑问副词:how,when,where,why.6)关系副词:when,where,why.7)连接副词:how,when,where,why,whether.副词的用法:副词在句中可作状语。YouspeakEnglishquitewell.你英语讲的很好。2、副词的位置:1)多数副词都可以放在动词的后面,如果动词带有宾语,副词就放在宾语后面。Igetupearlyinthemorningeveryday.我每天早早起床。Ihaveseenthisfilmtwicewithmyfriends.这部电影我和朋友看过两次。2)副词修饰形容词,副词时,放在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。3It'srathereasy,Icandoit.这很容易,我能做到。Hediditquitewell.他做得相当好。3)频度副词可放在实义动词前面,情态动词和助动词后面。Ioftenhelphimthesedays.这些日子我经常帮助他。Ihardlyfinishtheworkwithoutyourhelp.4)疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。Whendoyoustudyeveryday?你每天什么时间学习?Luckily,Ipassedtheexam.5)时间副词和地点副词在一个句中,地点副词在前面，时间副词在后面。Wewentshoppinginthesupermarketat9o'clockyesterday.昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.Whatwereyoudoingintheclassroomyesterdayevening?昨天下午你在教室里干什么？3、常见易混副词的辨析1）either,also,too,aswelltoo和aswell用在肯定句末，either常用在否定句末，also用在肯定句中，be动词，助动词和情态动词之后，实义动词之前Nicetomeetyou,too.Ialsolikethisdress.Hedoesn'tlikevegetables,either.2)hard和hardlyItrainshard,Ihardlyseetheroad.3)late和latelyLately,I'moftenlatefortheclass.4)very，much和verymuchvery修饰形容词和副词，much修饰比较级，verymuch修饰动词6）toomuch(修饰名词）andmuchtoo(修饰形容词）7）sometimeandsometimesLet'smeetinsometimenextmonth.Isometimesgetupat7.8）highandhighlyHeclimbshigh.Shethinkshighlywithyou.9）Howoften,howsoon,howlong,howfar小试牛刀()1.Thejacketis_____nice,butit’s_____moreexpensivethanthatone.A.much;muchB.very;veryC.much;veryD.very;much()2.–Doyouthinkthechickentastes______?-Shecookedit_____,Ithink.A.good;goodB.well;wellC.well;goodD.good;well()3.Heworked____quietly____nooneknewhewasthere.A.so;asB.so;thatC.very;thatD.too;to()4.Youmustbemore_____,Jim.Look,youdidn’twrite___.Acarefully;carefulB.careful;carefullyC.careful;carefulD.carefully;carefully()5.Thiskindofskirtlooks______andsells______.A.nice;wellB.nice;goodC.well;wellD.good;nice()6.–Howwastheweatheryesterday?-Itwasterrible.Itrained____.Peoplecould____goout.A.hardly;hardlyB.hardly;hardC.hard;hardD.hard;hardly三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级4（1）形容词和副词比较级和最高级的变化规则1、规则变化：（一直加二去e三变y四双写）①一般的比较级和最高级在形容词或副词后加-er或-est，如：small——smaller——smallest②以不发音-e结尾的形容词或副词去掉e加–er或–est，如：large——larger——largest③以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词和副词，把“y”变“i”，再加–er或-est.如：busy——busier——busiest④重读闭音节词尾是一个辅音字母的，需双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est，如big－bigger－biggest；hot－hotter－hottest.还有wet,fat,red,thin⑤一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most，如：slowly——moreslowly——mostslowlyd