人教版高中英语必修一第四单元

disastersfireearthquakesfloodstyphoonhurricanetornadoWhatstrangethingshadhappenedbeforetheearthquake?1.Waterinthewells2.Thewellwalls3.Chickensandpigs4.Mice5.Fish6.Brightlightsandthesoundofplanes7.Thewaterpipesroseandfellhaddeepcrackstoonervoustoeatran,lookingforjumpedcouldbeseenandheardcrackedandburstDetailsMainideaInBeijingOne-thirdofthenationAhugecrackSteamHardhillsofrockThecityTwo-thirdsofthepeopleThousandsoffamiliesManychildrencouldbeheardfeltcutacrossburstbecamelayinruindiedandinjuredwerekilledwereleftItwasthegreatestearthquakeofthe20thcentury.backDetailsMainideaAllthehospitalsandmostofthefactoriesandbuildingsandhomesBricksTwodamsandmostofthebridgesTherailwaytrackscowsPigsandchickensThewellsWater,foodandelectricityweregonecoveredfellwerefilledhardtogetuselesssteelnevergavemilkdiedEverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.backDetailsMainideaSoldiersThearmyWorkersFreshwaterweresentorganizedtodigoutandburybuiltwastakenAllhopewasnotlost.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.FurtherinformationaboutTangshanearthquakeWhenWhereDegreeThedamageStruckat3:42a.m.onJuly28,1976HebeiChina,11kmbelowthecity7.8magnitude242,419peoplekilled(12.8%ofTangshan’spopulation)Economicdamage:about3billionyuanCause2,200peopletobecomeparaplegicsKeyWords1.imaginevt.formapictureofinthemind；thinkof(sth.)asprobable：想象；认为（某事）可能发生或存在。Eg:Wecanimaginehersadness.我们可以想象她的悲伤。Ididn’timagine(my)becomingateacherinmychildhood.在童年时代，我并未想象能成为一名教师。imagine,guess,supposeimagine意为“想象，幻想”，指在脑海中形成一个清晰明确的印象，或认为某事物可能发生或存在;guess：“猜测，臆测”，指未知道前的猜测;suppose:认定，假定。2.shake,trembleshake:可指人或物“摇动，发抖”。指人时常用于感情激动、寒冷、惧怕引起的身体颤动。在表示“因……而颤抖”时，多用with。在表示“使受震撼，使（信念等）动摇”，常用于beshakenby/with/at中。tremble:shakeinvoluntarily(withfear,anger,cold,physicalweakness,etc.)颤栗,震颤,发抖(因恐惧,愤怒,寒冷,体弱等)，常常与shake相互替换，但指握手，摇头或捧腹大笑时用shake,tremble只用作不及物动词。如：Thepoorboywasshakingwithcold.这个孩子正冻的发抖。Thehostshookhandswithalltheguests.主人跟所有的客人握手。Hervoicewastremblingwithanger.她气的声音发抖。3.rise,raiserisevi:指自然“上升”，常用于日、月、云、霞、烟、水蒸气、物价、温度、河水、潮水及人的职位等：Eg:Herosefromhischairandbeganhisspeech.他从椅子上站起来开始了他的演说。Hertemperatureisstillrising.他的体温还在上升。Hehasriseninrank.他已经升职了。raisevt.(1)liftup:外部的力量，“举起、提高”：Thepeople’slivingstandardhasgreatlybeenraised.人民的生活水平已大大的提高了。(2)groworproduce(crops);breed(sheep,etc.);bringupafamily:饲养、种植”、养育、抚育：Theycanraisericehere.他们这儿能种水稻。4.burstinto/burstout:sendoutsuddenly;breakoutinto;suddenlybeginto……突然如何burstinto+n:Sheburstintotears.=Sheburstoutcrying.她突然哭起来了。burstout+doing.：Allofthemburstintolaughter=Allofthemburstoutlaughing.他们全都大笑起来了。5.destroy,ruin,damagedestroy:breaktopieces;makeuseless;putanendto:毁灭；摧毁；毁坏；破坏。表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁，使之无法复原，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏:Allhishopesweredestroyed.他所有的希望都毁灭了。Anatombombwoulddestroyacity.一颗原子弹可以摧毁一座城市。ruin:败坏，毁坏，崩溃的状态。指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打击结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏:Smokingruinedhishealth.吸烟毁了他的健康。Sheruinedhisprospects.她毁了他的前途。damage:损害；损毁（使失去价值）。一般指对物体或生命的局部损坏：Theirhousesweredamagedbytheenemy’sshellfire.他们的房屋被敌人的炮火击毁了。6.hurt,wound,injurehurt:既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害，还可用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛、惹起痛苦”:Whathesaidhurtmedeeply.他说的话使我非常伤心。wound:指外伤，尤指在战争中，战斗中受伤:Hegotwoundedinthefighting.他在战斗中受了伤。injure:一般指由于意外或事故而受伤。如：Hewasbadlyinjuredintheaccident.他在这次事故中受了重伤。Smokingwillinjureyourhealth.吸烟会毁了你的健康。7.shock,astonish,surpriseshockvt./n:震惊，打击，吃惊程度最大，后面常跟介词at/by构成词组beshockedat/by，表示“对……吃惊”，或接todo表示原因，也可作名词，意为“震动，打击”:Hewasshockedbywhatyousaid.他对你说的话感到震惊。Hewasshockedtoknowhissonplayingallday.他知道他的儿子整天玩大为震惊。Thenewsgavemeagreatshock.这个消息给了我很大的打击。astonishvt./n:surprisegreatly.语气比surprise要强，含有令人难以置信:IwasastonishedtoseehiminTibet.在西藏见到他，真感到惊异。Thenewsastonishedeveryone.这个消息使每个人都很震惊。surprisevt./n:意为“使惊讶，使吃惊”，含有“意想不到”之意。如：Iwassurprisedtoseethegreatchangesinmyhometown.看到家乡的巨大变化他惊讶不已。8.congratulationn:庆贺，祝贺，congratulationsonsth./doing….;Iofferedmycongratulationsonhissuccess.我对他的成功表示了祝贺。congratulatev.意为“向某人表示祝贺，向某人道贺”，构成短语congratulatesb.onsth./dong….Wecongratulatedhimonhavingpassedtheexamination.我们祝贺他通过了考试。Hecongratulateshimselfonhavingchosenagoodwomantobehiswife.他暗自庆幸自己挑选了一位贤惠的女子作妻子。9.especially,speciallyespecially:特殊地，尤其，常用于正式文体中:Thisisaverycommonword,especiallyinspokenEnglish.这是一个很普通的词，尤其在英语口语中。specially:foraparticularpurpose:特别地，专门地，表示“为了特别的目的”：Thiscakewasspeciallymadeforyou.这个蛋糕是专门为你做的。10.beknownas,beknownfor,beknowntosb.beknownas作为……而闻名；beknownfor以/因……而闻名；beknowntosb.为……而熟悉。Hewasknownasaexcellentsinger.他作为一名优秀的歌手而闻名。Thecityisknownforitslonghistory.这座城市以它的悠久的历史闻名。Heisknowntothepoliceasathief.警察都知道他是个小偷。PhrasesandIdioms1.Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend.似乎世界末日来临。seem连系动词，似乎，好象1）seem+(tobe)+adj./n.2）seem+todo3）seem+like+n.4）Itseems/seemed(tosb.)+that如：Heseemstoknoweverything=Itseemsthatheknowseverything.ItseemsthatIhaveseenherbefore.=Iseemtohaveseenherbefore.2.Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。everywhere用作连词，等于wherever,nomatterwhere，引起让步状语从句。如：EverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamething.无论我去哪儿，我都看到一样的东西。Youseeiteverywhereyoulook.无论你往哪儿看，你都会看到它。3.…90%ofitshomesweregone.90%的家都不存在了。gone是过去分词作表语，意为“不在”“走了”“丢了”“用完了”，或指人