现在完成时

PresentPerfectTenseDesigner:娄开民HeliuMiddleSchoolPresentperfecttense现在完成时构成:用法一：表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.have/has+过去分词1.都表示过去发生的事2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last,ago,yesterday,etc.）presentpastIhavelivedherefortwoyearsIlivedthere2yearsagofutureeg.1.Hehadhisbreakfastat6:00Hehashadhisbreakfast.2.Whendidyoucomehere?IwatchedthefootballmatchonTVat9:00.Adverbsoftimebefore,bynow(sofar),once,twice…,just,recentlyyet(否/疑),already(肯),ever,never,allone’slife,in/duringthepast/last5years,1.注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.Eg.Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.否定句:Ihaven’tdonemyhomeworkyet.一般疑问句:Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?2.yet在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句末“还(没)”疑问句:句末“己经”Eg.Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.我还没有吃早饭。Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?你已经吃过早饭了吗？3.ever在现在完成时中的用法肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”Eg.I’veeverbeentoBeijing.我曾经去过北京。HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?你曾经去过北京吗？4.never在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句中“从来没有”Eg.I’veneverbeentoBeijing.我从来没有去过北京。注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”Eg.Hehasevermadedumplings.否定句:Hehasnevermadedumplings.Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.5.just在现在完成时中的用法用于句中,表示“刚刚”Eg.I’vejusthadbreakfast.我刚刚吃过早饭。Whathavetheyjustdone?他们刚刚做了什么？6.before在现在完成时中的用法用于句末,表示“以前”Eg.I’veseenitbefore.我以前看过它。Hassheriddenabikebefore?以前她骑过自行车吗？Exercises1.I________(have)lunchalready.2.Hasthetrain_______(arrive),yet?3.Tome____never_______(beto)China.4.Thetwin______just_____(see)myfather.5.Thetwins____(see)myfatherjustnow.6.Manytallbuildings____________(build)inthepast5years.havehadarrivedhasbeentohasseensawhavebeenbuilt用法二：for+段时间since+点时间since+句子（过去时）E.g.Katehaslivedherefor3years.Katehaslivedheresince3yearsago.KatehaslivedheresinceshecametoChina.表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变arrive/come/gotodiebecomeaborrowLeave/movebuyopenjoinstart/beginfinish/endcatchacoldgetupgettoknowgetoutclosewakeupgotosleepbecomeinterestedinbeinbedeadhavekeepbeaway/beoutbeabein/amemberofbeopenbeonbeoverhaveacoldbeupknowbeoutbeclosedbeawakebeasleep/sleepbeinterestedinExercisesHisfatherhasdied.(for2years)Thefootballmatchhasbegun.(since9:00a.m)Thetwinshavejoinedthearmy.(sincetheyare18yearsold)MyteacherhasjustleftNanjing.(for3days)Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years.Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9:00a.m.Thetwinshavebeensoldiers/beeninthearmysincetheyare18yearsold.MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3days重点句型:Itis/hasbeen+段时间+since从句段时间+haspassed+since从句eg.他死了两年了：Hediedtwoyearsago.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears/sincetwoyearsagoItis/hasbeentwoyearssincehedied.Twoyearshaspassedsincehedied.1.这本书我借了一个月了。Iborrowedthisbookamonthago.Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.Ihavekeptthebookforamonth./sinceamonthago.AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook.Have/hasgonetohave/hasbeentohave/hasbeeninhave/hasgoneto:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；have/hasbeento:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;have/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。ExercisesTom在哪儿？他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack去过上海两次了-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshoptobuysomebooks.IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years.JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice.Correcting1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months.2.Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18.3.JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years.4.ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema.5.WhenhasMr.Licaughtabadcold?havekepthasbeenin/beenamemberofthearmysince5yearsago/for5yearscamedidcatch6.Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.7.JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years.8.Whattimehavethefactoryopened?9.IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwicehashasbeenindidopenbeentoExercisesIamanAmericanboyIcametoChinatwoyearsago.I_____(study)herefortwoyears.Myfatheroften(take)me_____(play)footballontheplayground.LastweekI___(take)totheparkbyhim.Wesawalotofmonkeys(jump)inthetree.IheardavoicefrombehindWhenI(walk)alongtheriver.Ithoughtmyself.“Itmust_____(be)Mr.Brown.He__(take)photos.”We___(enjoy)thatday.We____(go)backtoAmericanextweek.havestudiedtakestoplayWastakenwakedjumpbeistakingenjoyedwillgo