大学英语阅读理解及解答

Passage1I’mprettyconfidentthattherewillneverbeadaywhenalltheworldisinagreementaboutthebesthumandiet.I’manomnivoremyself,butIhavefriendswhoswearbytheirpaleo,vegetarian,andvegandiets.Allofuscanmakecompellingargumentsaboutwhyweeatthewaywedo,andallofuscanmakevalidcriticismsofdietsthatareunlikeourown.Forme,decidinghowandwhattoeatrequiredacloseexaminationofthevaluesandprinciplesthattrulymattertome.Thetypeoffoodweconsumehasimmediatehealthandeconomicconsequences,butitalsohasasignificantimpactonourenvironment.Asastudyshows,themannerandscaleatwhichoursocietycurrentlyraisesanimalforhumanconsumptioncontributestoclimatechangeinmajorway.Italsowasteswater,pollutesoursoil,andcontaminatesfreshwatersupplies.Soifyou’rereallytryingtolivealow-impactlife,eatinglessmeatandensuringthatthemeatyoudoeatisraisedbyresponsiblefarmersandrancherscouldhelpyoushrinkyourcarbonfootprintalotfasterthanbuyingahybridorskippingshowers.1.Theauthorbelievesthat()A.peoplewillbemoreandmorerationalinchoosingthefoodtheyeat.B.theargumentsaboutwhatshouldbeeatenwillnevercometoanend.C.peoplewillsomedayreachaconsensusonwhatthebestfoodis.D.peoplewillbemoreandmorefastidiousinchoosingthefoodtheyeat.2.Whendecidinghowandwhattoeat,theauthor()A.hassomeimportantprinciplestofollow.B.willconsultwithhisfriends.C.willfollowtheinstructionsofhisfriends.D.considersonlyhisowninterests.3.Thetypeoffoodweeat()A.hasanindirectbutgreateffectonourenvironment.B.hasnothingtodowithourenvironment.C.hasnothingtodowithourhealth.D.isdecidedonlybyoureconomicstatus.4.WhatisimpliedinParagraph3()A.Weshouldstopraisinganimalsforhumanconsumption.B.Weshouldstopeatinganimals.C.Thewayanimalsareraisedforhumanconsumptionshouldbeimproved.D.Environmentalpollutionandclimatechangearecausedbyraisinganimalsforhumanconsumption.Passage2Americansaretoobusyforlunchbreaks,reportsAOL.Ratherthanleavingtheofficeforsomemuchneededrelaxation,mostworkersareoptingtodineattheirdesks.Accordingtoasurvey,62%ofAmericanofficeworkersusuallyeattheirlunchinthesamespottheyworkallday.Inaweakenedeconomy,manyemployeesfeelaheightenedneedtoprovetheirworthorlooklikeasuperstarworkerwhogoesaboveandbeyondtogetthejobdone.Plus,whencoworkersareworkingthroughtheirlunchbreaks,noonewantstobethepersonwholookslikeaslacker.Forothers,itisnotjustamatterofsavingtime,butsavingmoney.Eatingoutroutinelygetsexpensive,sobringingalunchtoeatatthedeskisalsothethriftychoicefortheAmericanworker.Onanationallevel,theUnitedStatesdoesnotmandatethatbusinessesallowtheiremployeesalunchbreak.However,22statesdohaveexplicitlawsonthebooksstatingthatworkersmusttakeahalfhourtohourlunchbreak.Nonetheless,evenworkersinthesestatesoftenfindthemselvesignoringthelawtochowdownnexttotheircomputers.Inadditiontolunch,27%willeatbreakfastattheirdesk(atleasttheyarenotskippingitaltogether),and50%willsnackattheirdeskthroughouttheworkday.Unfortunately,usingthedeskasadiningtablecouldbeahealthhazard.Withabouttwointhreeworkersadmittingtheycleantheirdesklessthanonceamonth,theunsanitarysurfaceleavesworkerssusceptibletofoodborneillnesses.1.AccordingtothereportbyAOL,mostAmericanofficeworkersusually()A.takelunchattheirdesks.B.takeanapafterlunch.C.goouttoeatatlunchtime.D.enjoyfreelunch.2.()makestheAmericanemployeesfeelaheightenedneedtoprovetheirworth.A.Theemployers’encouragementB.AnupturnineconomyC.Thecozyworkingenvironment.D.Adownturnineconomy.3.AccordingtoParagraph4,()?A.moststatesofAmericahavepassedthelawsstatingthatworkersmusttakesomelunchbreak.B.theworkersinthe22statesworkfewerhoursthanthoseintheotherstates.C.theworkersinthe22statesdonotnecessarilytakeabetterlunchbreakthanthoseintheotherstates.D.theworkersinthe22statestakealongerlunchbreakthanthoseintheotherstates.4.Whatisadisadvantageoftakinglunchatthedesk?A.Itmaysavetimefortheemployees.B.Itmaydoharmtotheemployees’health.C.Itmaysavemoneyfortheemployees.D.Itmayhelptheemployeesreducetheirweight.Passage3Inmanyurbancentersthroughouttheworld,vibrantwasterecyclingprogramsaren’tjusteco-mindedniceties,buttheyserveanessentialroleinkeepingcommunitiescleanandclutter-free.Butthankstooneforward-thinkinginitiativeintheBraziliancityofJundiaí,tradingintrashhasneverbeentastier.Tenyearsago,thecity’sMunicipalUtilitiesDepartmentlaunched“DeliciousRecycling”,aprogramaimedatencouragingresidentstogetintothehabitofcollectingrecyclablewasteinexchangeforfreshvegetables,grownlocallyinapublic-rungarden—andboydidittakeoff.Today,thegardenboastsmorethan30thousandplantstomeetthedemandofthousandsofveggie-lovingrecyclers,turningaluminumcansandplasticbottlesintoediblegreens.Ultimately,theprogramhasdonewondersforthehealthoftheenvironmentaswell,byriddingthecityofimproperlydisposedwaste.“Whatonceclutteredandevenchokedtheflowofwaterfromstormdrainsistodayusedascurrencyforhealthyfood,”localmayorMiguelHaddadtellsJundiaíOnline.“Everybodywinswiththis.”AsinnovativeasJundiaí’s“DeliciousRecycling”mayseem,it’sactuallynotthefirstofitskind,butgiventheprogram’ssuccess,it’snowonderwhythoughanumberofotherBrazilianmunicipalitiesoffersimilarincentivestorewardrecyclerswithfood,theideaseemstobecatch