伯特兰 罗素Bertrand Russell

BertrandRussell[‘rʌsəl]WhoisBertrandRussell?BertrandRussellwasaBritishphilosopher,logician,essayistandsocialcritic.Healsodidalotofworkintheareasofeducation,history,politicaltheoryandreligiousstudies.•bestknownforhisworkinmathematicallogicandanalyticphilosophy.•最著名的作品在数理逻辑、分析哲学Including4marriages,aslewofawards….andcontroversies—ThelifeofBertrandRussellcancertainlybedescribedasfullandwondrous!Hisfirstwife•RussellfirstmettheAmericanQuaker,Alys[‘eilis](艾丽斯),whenhewas17yearsold.Russellfellinlovewiththepuritanical（清教徒的）,high-mindedAlysandinmarryingherinDecember.ThisisaphotographofBertrandRussell'sfirstwife,Alys.ThemarriagebetweenRussellandAlysin1894wasendedbyseparationin1911.In1921theydivorced.HissecondwifeDoraRussellandchildren:JohnandKatharineBertrandRussell,John，KatharinePeterRussell-Thethirdwife•WhenRussell'smarriagewithDorabrokeup,hetookashisthirdwifein1936theattractiveOxfordundergraduate,Peter.•Shehadbeenhischildren'sgovernessinthesummerof1930.Histhirdwife—PeterRussellandsoninCambridgeinApril1945.HisfourthwifeEdith(Finch)Hisfourthwife•RussellwithhisfourthwifeEdith(Finch).•Theyhadknowneachothersince1925.•EdithhadlecturedinEnglishatBrynMawrCollege(布林莫尔学院),nearPhiladelphia.•ThisisthephotothatRussellandEdithattheirweddingon15December1952.•Kate,Russell,PeterandJohninRedwoodNationalPark,in1939.BertrandRussellin1893•OneofthefundersofAnalyticphilosophy•Philosophyoflanguage:Russell’stheoryofdescription•Acontributiontometaphysics(形而上学)andEpistemology（认识论）TheBest-SellingBooksGivesRussell'sviewsonphilosophicalsubjectsandvalueofphilosophicalknowledge.1912TheBest-SellingBooksThisbookgivesageneralhistoryofphilosophy.1945Russell:TheActivistBertrandRussellisfamousinactivist（激进主义分子）circlesforhisworkagainstnuclearweaponsandWesterninvolvementintheVietnamWar,Hissocialandpoliticalactivismstretchesfarbeyondthat…EducationEthics(伦理学)Women’srightsPacificist(反战主义者)•MajoredinmathinCambridge•ThePrinciplesofMathematics（数学原则）in1903•TheRussellParadox(罗素悖论)•ThePrincipiaMathematica(数学原理)in1910writtenwithWhiteheadMathematicsRussell’sParadoxRussell'sparadoxisthemostfamousofthelogicalparadoxes.Theparadoxarisesbyconsideringthesetofallsetsthatarenotmembersofthemselves.Suchasetappearstobeamemberofitselfifandonlyifitisnotamemberofitself,hencetheparadox.TheExperimentalSchoolAlongwithhissecondwife,Russellopenedanexperimentalschool.Hebelievededucationwaskeytoconveyinghissocialbeliefs.DoraBlackTheRebelRussellwasconvictedtwiceandspent6monthsinprisonduetohisprotests.Hewasdismissedfromonecollegeandhadajobofferrevoked(撤回，废除)fromanotherforsimilarreasons.In1918,hewasthrowntoprisonbecauseofanarticleofanti-war.In1961,hewasputintoprisonagainbecauseofhisinciteofviolentagainstmovement.ReligionRussell’sbooksarenotoriouslyblasphemous（亵渎神明的，不敬神的）.Heimpliesthatreligionisacomfortweseektoexcuseourterribleacts.Hismessageisthatweshouldtakeresponsibilityforourownactions.GavealotofspeechesaroundtheworldAspeechforanti-nuclearpressgroupRussellparticipatedinmanybroadcastsovertheBBConvarioustopicalandphilosophicalsubjectsAttheNobelAwardDinnerTheOrderofMeritgivenbyKingGeorgeVIonJune9,1949Inhisfinalyears,hedidn’tgiveupworking.•Inshort,asarenownedBritishphilosopher,BertrandRussellaccomplishedinawiderangeofareasincludingphilosophy,mathematics,ethics,sociology,education,history,religionandpolitics.Yet,hisprimarycontributionisinmathematicsandlogic,whichhadfar-reachinginfluenceonwesternphilosophy.In1950,hewonNobelPrizeforLiterature.whatIhavelivedfor•1、Prefaceof《TheAutobiographyofBertrandRussell》.•2、ItShowshisinnerworld.•3、Hisviewpoints:•“Threepassions,simpleoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylive:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.•“Donotfeartobeeccentricinopinion,foreveryopinionnowacceptedwasonceeccentric.”•不要害怕怀有怪念头，因为现在人们接受的所有的观念都曾经是怪念头。Ithasbeensaidthatmanisarationalanimal.AllmylifeIhavebeensearchingforevidencewhichcouldsupportthis.据说人是一种理性动物。穷我自己一生，我都在寻找这观点的证据。—BertrandRussellThegoodlifeisoneinspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledge.——BertrandRussell美好的生活是由爱所激励，由知识所引导。