Musculoskeletal-system

MusculoskeletalSystemMusculoskeletalSystemNRS1401NRS14015November20095November2009Dr.SHA,Ou(Anna)G15BMSB,SchoolofBiomedicalSciences,CUHKTel:26961226,e-mail:[e-mail]60%ofthebodyweightComponents:1.Bones(206)2.Joints,cartilages&ligaments3.Skeletalmuscles(700+)Functions:1.Bones:support,protection,movement,mineralstorage,bloodcellformation,fatstorage2.Skeletalmuscles:producingmovements,maintainingpostures,stabilizingjoints,generatingheat,protectionBoneJointCartilageMusclebellyTendonTendonBones(206)Axialbones(80)Skull&associatedbones(29)Vertebralcolumn(26)Thoraciccage(25)ShouldergirdleUpperlimbPelvicgirdleLowerlimbAppendicularbones(126)Skull(22)Cranium(8)Face(14)CranialcavityProtectbrainGuardtheentrancesofrespiratory&digestivesystemsVaultBaseAnteriorcranialfossaMedialcranialfossaPosteriorcranialfossaCranialBones(8)1.Frontalbone(1):forehead,orbitalcavity,anteriorcranialfossa;sinus221122112.Parietalbone(2):superior&lateralsurfacesofcranium3a3bcdcdSagittalsectioneCranialBones(8)Anterior3.Ethmoidbone(x1):orbital&nasalcavitiesa.Cribriformplateb.Perpendicularplatec.Upperconchad.Middleconchae.Ethmoidalsinuses4.Occipitalbone(x1):posteriorcranialfossaf.Foramenmagnumg.Jugularforamenh.Occipitalcondyle4fg5.Temporalbone(2):middle&posteriorcranialfossaea.Externalacousticmeatus/auditorycanalb.Mandibularfossa:TMJ(TemporomandibularJ)c.Mastoidprocessd.Petrousportione.Internalacousticmeatusf.Jugularforameng.CarotidcanalbadefCranialBones(8)cgOccipitalcondyleAnteriorInferiorview6.SphenoidBone(x1):middleofthebasea.Bodyb.Sphenoidsinusc.Sellaturcica/hypophysealfossad.Lesserwinge.Opticcanalf.Greaterwingg.PterygoidplateadecgbCranialBones(8)fCranialSutures&FontanellesPosteriorfontanelle(ossifiedat2-3m)Anteriorfontanelle(ossifiedat12-18m)Sutures:immovablejoints•Fontanels:relativelysoft,flexible,fibrousregionsindevelopingskull•Theyallowexpansion&distortionofskullduringbirth,andwilldisappearbyaboutage4AnteriorFacialBones(14)124311.Maxilla(2):upperjaw;orbital,nasal&oralcavities2.Nasalbone(2):thebridgeofnose3.Inferiorconcha(2):epithelialsurface;warm&humidifyinspiredair4.Vomer(1):nasalseptumMaxillarysinusAlveolarmarginPalatineprocess5.Zygomaticbone(2):prominencesofcheeks,orbit&zygomaticarch56AFacialBones(14)PalatineprocessofmaxillaBCED6.Lacrimalbone(2):medialwalloforbit：7.Palatinebone(2):hardpalate8.Mandible(1):lowerjawA.BodyB.RamusC.AngleD.Condyle:TMJE.AlveolarmarginLacrimalfossanasolacrimalcanalParanasalsinusesVCNMMPZLA.FrontalB.EthmoidC.SphenoidD.MaxillaryAssociatedbones(7)MandibleThyroidcartilageHyoidboneHyoidbone(1):IsolatedHorseshoe-shaped;Abaseformusclesoftongue&larynxmovementAuditoryossicles(6)VertebralColumn(26)LeftviewRegions:1.Cervical(C1-7)2.Thoracic(T1-12)3.Lumbar(L1-5)4.Sacrum(1)5.Coccyx(1)12345Functions:•Support•Protect•Shockabsorbers•Provideaccess•Enablemovement•ProvidingattachmentCurvatures2primary(concave)2secondary(convex)Cervical(3m)PrimaryLumbar(12-15m)ThoracicSacralPrimaryCervicalMovements:Flexion&extensionLateralflexionsRotationVertebralColumn(26)SecondaryPrimaryStructuresofaTypicalVertebraA.BodyB.VertebralarchC.VertebralforamenvertebralcanalD.TransverseprocessE.SpinousprocessF.ArticularprocessG.ArticularfacetAnteriorSuperiorviewABCDEFGStructuresofAdjacentVertebrae1.Intervertebraldisc:•Progressivelythicker•Shockabsorber•CartilaginousJ•Flexibilityasawholecd21AnteriorabAslippeddiscSpinalN.(gelatinouscore)3.Ligaments:c.Anteriorlongitudinald.Posteriorlongitudinal2.Intervertebralforamen:forspinalnerves,blood&lymphaticvesselsa.Annulusfibrosusb.NucleuspulposusRegion-specificVertebralCharacteristicsLateralviewVertebralbodyVertebralforamenTransverseprocessSpinousprocessLumberThoracicCervicalSuperiorviewRegion1.Atlas(C1)Region-specificVertebralCharacteristicsAnteriorviewPosteriorviewab52.Axis(C2):a.Dens3.C74.Sacrum:b.Articularsurface5.CoccyxThoracicCage(25)Sternum:A.ManubriumB.BodyC.XiphoidprocessD.JugularnotchE.SternalangleCABED135711129RibsTrueribs1-7Falseribs(8-12)Floatingribs(11-12)CostalcartilageCostalmarginPectoral(Shoulder)Girdle1.Clavicle:•S-shaped•2endsPosteriorviewLateralviewAnteriorabcbd2cb1Superiorview12.Scapula:shoulderbladea.Glenoidfossab.Acromionprocess(ACJ)c.Coracoidprocessd.SpineBonesofUpperLimb1.Humerus:a.Headb.Greatertuberclec.Lessertubercled.Anatomicalnecke.Surgicalneckf.Medialepicondyleg.Lateralepicondyleh.OlecranonfossaPosteriorviewAnteriorviewabcefhdgbdFractureBonesofUpperLimb3.RadiusOlecranonprocessInterosseousmembrane2.Ulna8in2rows,proximal&distalrows5.Metacarpals(x5)6.Phalanges(x14):pollexhas2phalanges,allotherfingershave3.4.Carpals(x8)ScaphoidPelvicGirdle–HipBone1.Ilium(superior)a.Iliaccrestb.Anteriorsuperioriliacspine(ASIS)2.Ischium(posterior)c.Ischialtuberosity3.Pubis(anterior)d.Pubicsymphysise.Acetabulumf.Obturatorforamen123aabbcdefRightview13PelvisBonyformationPelvicinlet(A)&outlet(B)False(C)&true(D)pelvisSagittalsectionABInletPubicarchCDDifferencebetweenM&F:•Birthcanal:Fpelvisissmooth,light,broad,shallow&roomy.•Pelvicinlet&outlet