车辆动态称重技术

27820068ChineseJournalofScientificInstrumentVol127No18Aug12006*程路张宏建曹向辉(310027),4,,,TP273.5A510.8040Vehicleweigh-in-motiontechnologyChengLuZhangHongjianCaoXianghui(NationalkeyLaboratoryofIndustrialControlTechnology,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,China)AbstractAlongwiththedevelopmentofthehighwaytransportationandtrade,vehicleweigh-in-motionbe-comesthekeytechnologyandthetrendofmeasuringtrafficloads1ThepaperpresentsthestructureofvehicleWIMsystemandfourtypesofcommonlyusedWIMsensors:bendingplate,piezoelectricsensor,loadcellandfiberopticsensor1TheoutputsignalofaxleloadintheWIMsystemisanalyzed1Severalalgorithmsusedinveh-icleWIMsystem,suchasarithmeticaveraging,neuralnetworkandsystemidentificationaredeeplydis-cussed1ThefuturetrendforWIMisalsodescribed.Keywordsweigh-in-motionsensoraxleloadsignalprocessingvehicle1,,30%,56%,,,,:,,,,,[1],,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,(),,,[2-3],*2005494427,,,,,,,,[4],,2211,[5]1,,1m,,:,,1,,:(1),4,,,,,,80mm;,50kg,(2)K4~8K,,,,,,(3),,,30mm;,30kg,,,(4),,1m1cm(),,,,212[6-7](1),,,?5%(),,(2),,,,,6.6mm,1.6mm,,,,,:,;,;,;,;,1012;,;:-40~80e;0.2%/e;,19mm,19~25mm,8:945;,(weigh-in-mo-tion,WIM)?7%,?20%,,,,,,ASTM?10%(3),,,?3%(4)[7],,,:(),,,32,,,,,,,,,,2,,,[8-11],,311,,312,,,,,[12-13],,,:(1)a1,a2,,,an(),n/2,n/2,b1,b2,,,bm(m=n/2);(2)b1,b2,,,bm,b;(3)b1-b=c1,b2-b=c2,,bm-b=cm,c1,c2,,,cm;(4)c1,c2,,,cmn/4cc1,cc2,,,ccp(p=n/4),cc1,cc2,,,ccpbc1,bc2,,,bcp;(5)bc1,bc2,,,bcp,bc,,mnp,,,,,,,313,,-,,94627,,,,,,:Yi=f(X1i,X2i,,,Xni)+Ei(1):Yi,Xi([14-15],[16-18]),Ei,f()[16-17],[16]3,[17],,,,[18],:(1),1,0;(2),,:0:10();1:01();:();:,(),,,,,,,(SVM),,,,SVM,SVM,,[19],,,,314,,,,,,ARX(1,2,1)[20-21]:y(t)=-a1y(t-1)-a2y(t-2)+b0u(t-1)+n(t)(2):y(t)y(t-1)y(t-2),;u(t-1),n(t),,;a1a2b0a1a2b0,Kalman[22-23],,,,y](t),,:my=H(z-1)mu(3):mymu,;H(z-1),:mu=u]=limt]u(t-1)=1:my=limt]E(y(t))=b01+a1+a2(4):M=^b01+^a1+^a2CONST(5):^a1^a2^b0,CONST,,,,,^b0,[24]y(t)=-a1y(t-1)-a2y(t-2)-a3y(t-3)-a4y(t-4)+8:947b0u(n),,,,,315,[25](empiricalmodedecomposition,EMD),EMDEMD1998,EMDIMF(intrinsicmodefunction),IMFIMF,IMF,EMDIMF:(1)y(t),y(t),,y(t);,m1(t),y(t)m1(t):h1l(t)=y(t)-m1(t)h1l(t)2,IMF:,1;h1l(t),h1l(t)y(t)(2)k(k10),hkl(t)IMF,y(t)IMFimf1(t)=hkl(t),y(t)imf1(t)r1(t)=y(t)-imf1(t)(1),IMFimf2(t)(3),nIMFimfn(t)rn(t),rn(t),,y(t)nIMF,:y(t)=Eni=1imfi(t)+rn(t)(6)IMF,,IMF,,rn(t),,EMD,Eni=1imfi(t),rn(t)EMD,,4,,,,,,,,:(1)()(),();(2),,,,,,,,;(3),,[26-27],,,[1],,,.[J].,2003,26(2):1214.[2]CEBOND,COORDINATORBJ1Weigh-in-motionofaxlesandvehiclesforEurope(WAVE)[R].GeneralReport,2001.[3].[J].,1998(2):57.[4].[J].,2001,22(3):201205.[5].[J].,2002,31(6):4041.[6]MCCALLB1State.ssuccessfulpracticesweigh-in-mo-tionhandbook[M]11997.[7]STEPHANERT1Fiberopticweigh-in-motion:looking94827backandahead[J]1OpticalEngineering,1998,3326:129137.[8]CHANTHT,LAWSS,YUNGTH.Aninterpretivemethodformovingforceidentification[J]1JournalofSoundandVibration,1999(219):503524.[9]ONOT.Ondynamicweighingofhighwayvehiclesinmotion[C]1SICEAnnualConference,2003,2:21082115.[10]TARIQM,BALACHANDRANW,SONGS1Check-weighermodelingusingdynamicalsubsystems[C]1IndustryApplicationsConferenceThirtiethIASAnnualMeeting,1995,2:17151722.[11],,.[J].,2003,19(1):16.[12],,.[J].,2002,23(8):3437.[13].[J].,2002,31(6):1820.[14]BAHARHB,HORROCKSDH1Dynamicweightest-imationusinganartificialneuralnetwork[J].ArtificialIntelligenceinEngineering,1998,12:135139.[15]GAGARINEN,FLOODI,ALBRECHTP1Weighingtrucksinmotionusinggaussian-basedneuralnetworks[C]1InternationalJointConferenceonNeuralNetworks,1992,2:484489.[16]ALMODARRESISMT,WHITENM1Applicationofartificialneuralnetworkstointelligentweighingsystems[C]1Science,MeasurementandTechnology,IEEPro-ceedings11999,146(6):265269.[17],,.RBF[J].,2003,21(2):6063.[18]MANGEASM,GLASERS,DOLCEMASCOLOV.Neuralnetworksestimationoftruckstaticweightsbyfu-singweight-in-motiondata[C]1ProceedingsoftheFifthInternationalConferenceonInformationFusion,2002,1:456462.[19]CHENGL,ZHANGHJ1Applicationofsupportvectormachinetovehicleweigh-in-motionsystems[C]1Pro-ceedingsoftheThirdInternationalSymposiumonIn-strumentationScienceandTechnology,2004,1:11961200.[20]SHUWQ1Dynamicweighingundernonzeroinitialcon-ditions[J]1IEEETransactionsonInstrumentationandMeasurement,1993,42(4):806811.[21]ZHANGKF,XUSF1Fastfindingthesteadysolutionofanelasticsystem[C]1IEEERegion10ConferenceonComputerandCommunicationSystems,1990:827829.[22]NIEDZWIECKIM,WASILEWSKIA1Applicationofa-daptivefilteringtodynamicweighingofvehicles[J].ControlEng1Practice,1996,5(4):635644.[23]NIEDZWIECKIM,WASILEWSKIA1Newalgorithmsforthedynamicweighingoffreighttrains[J].ControlEng1Practice,1997,5(5):603618.[24],,.[J].,2002,13(8):682685.[25],1EMD[J].,2004,23(4):444446.[26]PAPAGIANNAKIST,SENNK1WIMsystemcalibra-tionusingav-iequippedvehicles[C]1VehicleNavigationandInformationSystemsConference,1995:299304.[27]SUL,KOMATAC1Errorcorrectionusingfuzzylogicinvehicleloadmeasurement[C]1FirstInternationalCon-ferenceonKnowledge-BasedIntelligentElectronicSys-tems,1997:595598.198012E-mail:[e-mail]