欧洲文化入门ppt

•Generalintroduction•Background•Medievalarchitecture•ThefamouspeopleandtheirworksRenaissance(around1300-1650)GeneralIntroduction•Theword“renaissance”meansrevival,specificallyinthisperiodofhistory,revivalofinterestInancient•ConservatismofthefeudalismandtheRomanchurchvshumanismoftherisingbourgeoisieRenaissance(around1300-1650)•Humanismvs.ChristianityreligionphilosophyheavenearthbeautyofGodbeautyofthehumanbodyclergy牧师,教士humanistdeathandtheotherwordlivingforthepresentRenaissance(around1300-1650)Renaissance•我是人，人所具有的我无不具有。——拉丁诗人特伦斯（2B.C.）•Renaissance(humanism)&Counter-Reformation宗教改革→againsttheMiddleAges•Thesecondhalfofthe15thcentury:moderntimeoftheWest(1492forAmerica)•TheriseofCapitalismThebackgroundofRenaissance(around1300-1650)•RenaissanceinItalyBackground:a.geographicalposition→foreigntrade→urbaneconomy→accumulationofwealth→flowingofartandliteratureb.dividedcountry→city-states(theDuchy大公国ofMilan；theRepublicsofFlorenceandVenice;thePapalstates教皇国；thekingdomofNaples那布勒斯王国)c.Florence(prosperousseaportinthelate15thcent.)→floweringofpaintings,sculptureandarchitecture→riseofhumanistideasd.Venice:Venetianart威尼斯画派Medievalarchitecture•BetweenthetimeofRomanArchitecture(30BC-300AD)andtherebirthofRomeasthecenterofarchitectureduringtheRenaissance(1400-1600),therewere4overlapping,butdistinctiveperiodsofarchitecture:EarlyChristian,Byzantine,RomanesqueandGothic.ThecommonbeliefinChristianitycreatedanarchitecturalandsocialunifyingforce.ThegreatmonumentsofthisperiodwerealldesignedforthegreaterglorificationoftheChristianGod.RenaissanceNewliteraturea.GiovanniBoccaccio薄伽丘:Decameron《十日谈》：aprosefictionRenaissanceb.FrancescoPetrarch彼德拉克(OneofthepoetswhoinventedSonnet十四行诗,商籁体)Itwasthemorning那天早晨Itwasthemorningofthatblessedday,那一天，太阳也为哀悼上帝变得阴晦WhereontheSuninpityveiledhisglare我不曾抵抗就做了俘虏，FortheLord'sagony,that,unaware,因为，夫人，您那美丽的眼睛射出的无形视线Ifellacaptive,Lady,tothesway将我捆缚起来，如同囚犯一般。Ofyourswifteyes;thatseemednotimetostay当时我没有意识到预防爱神的纠缠，Thestrokesoflove:Isteppedintothesnare依然若无其事、自信地迈步向前……Secure,withnosuspicion:thenandthere殊不知就在此刻，我的感情之苦Ifoundmycueinman'smosttragicplay.已经伴随着人间之痛一起涌起波涟。Lovecaughtmenakedinhisshaft,hissheaf,在爱神面前我毫无防范，Theentranceforhisambushandsurprise从眼睛到心灵全都门扉大开，Againsttheheartwideopenthroughtheeyes,双眼变成热泪流淌的通道和源泉。Theconstantgateandfountainofmygrief但我以为，此情此景之下Howcravensotostrikemeso,用箭射中我并不是什么荣耀，Yetfromyoufullyarmedconcealhisbow!因为对您，一个有防范的人，它从不会放箭。RenaissanceRenaissanceArtdistinctfeatures:a.changeofsocialstatusofartistscraftsmenofthechurch→artistsb.changeofartisticthemecelestialrealm→allaspectsofnatureandmanc.studyofruinsofRomanandGreekartisticprinciplesd.Scientifictheoriesofanatomy解剖学andperspective透视法RenaissanceRenaissanceArtistsGiotto乔托:Fresco壁画(dignityofhumanfigures)TheMourningofChristFlightintoEgyptBetrayalofJudasRenaissance•Donatello多那太罗：anatomyinsculptureDavidTheGattamelataEquestrianStatue格太梅拉达骑马像Renaissance•Giorgione乔尔乔内(useofcolourschemes配色)Tempesta：agroupofpictures(scenebefore,inandafterthestorm)SleepingVenusRenaissance•HighRenaissance鼎盛时期ArtistsLeonardodaVincia.amanofmanytalentsb.Unitingprecisionlinewithrhythmofmovementc.Lightandshade明暗d.Scientificexperimentsanddesigningse.Expressionofemtionalstates内心境界的表达(quotation)Renaissance•HighRenaissance鼎盛时期ArtistsLeonardodaVinciLastSupperMonaLisaRenaissance•MichelangeloBuonarroti米开朗基罗Sculpture:man’sbeauty,nobility,anguishandenergyDavid:muscularbodyandtenseemotion;combinationofoutercalmandinnertensionFresco:SistineChapel西斯廷教堂DyingSlaveMoses•Raphael拉斐尔:elegantRaphaelPainting:theexquisiteharmonyandbalanceoftheHighRenaissanceMadonnadelGranducaMadonnawiththefish•Titian提香AVenetianpainter:Asupremecolorist（firm&bold）;Oilcoloroncanvas油画VenusofUrbinoSacredandProfaneLove天上的爱与人间的爱MadonnaofthePesaroFamilyPortrait：ManwiththeGloveRenaissanceinothercountries•RenaissanceinFranceFrancoisRabelais拉伯雷：GargantuaandPantagruel《巨人传》MichelEyquesdeMontaigne蒙田：Essais《散文集》FrancoisRabelaisMontaigneRenaissanceinothercountries•RenaissanceinSpainMigueldeCervantes塞万提斯:DonQuixot《堂吉诃德》Renaissanceinothercountries•RenaissanceinEnglandThomasMore:Utopia《乌托邦》WorksofWilliamShakespeareComedyAll'sWellThatEndsWellAsYouLikeItTheComedyofErrorsCymbelineLove'sLabour‘sLostMeasureforMeasureTheMerryWivesofWindsorTheMerchantofVeniceAMidsummerNight'sDreamMuchAdoAboutNothingPericles,PrinceofTyreTamingoftheShrewTheTempestTroilusandCressidaTwelfthNightTwoGentlemenofVeronaWinter'sTaleHistoryHenryIV,part1HenryIV,part2HenryVHenryVI,part1HenryVI,part2HenryVI,part3HenryVIIIKingJohnRichardIIRichardIIITragedyAntonyandCleopatraCoriolanusHamletJuliusCaesarKingLearMacbethOthelloRomeoandJulietTimonofAthensTitusAndronicusPoetryTheSonnetsALover'sComplaintTheRapeofLucreceVenusandAdonisFuneralElegybyW.S.WilliamShakespeareRenaissance•人有两只耳朵，一只听从上帝的声音，一只听从魔鬼的声音。－－VictorHugo雨果对基督教内在矛盾的比喻•ContradictionofChristianityp143Romaninfluence：Materialism物质主义&carnalism纵欲主义vs.Christianity：Spiritualism唯灵主义ReformationandCounter-Reformation•MartinLutherandhisDoctrines(p143)•BeginningoftheReformation(p146)•TranslationoftheBible•GospelofLoveandIdeasofEquality(p147)C