小学生英语语法：名词

noun一.名词定义二.名词分类三.单复数变化四.名词所有格五.习题集名词(n．)：noun表示人、动物、物品、地点以及抽象概念的词。即所有东西的名字都是名词。名词专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词单数形式复数形式表示特定的人或事物的名称，首个字母要大写，前面一般不加冠词1.所有人的名字；2.大洲、大洋、江河的名称；3.国家、城市和地名；4.建筑物和街道的名字；5.月份、星期和节日的名称；6.团体、机构、组织的名称。（一）专用名词不属于特定的人、事物名称的词，包括我们平时吃的、喝的东西，动物的名称，物质的名称以及一些抽象概念等。1.可数名词：可以一个一个地数的名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。2.不可数名词：不能够一个一个地数出来的名词。（二）普通名词1．一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”如：map→maps，bag→bagsbook--books，hat--hats，pencil--pencils，girl--girls（一）名词的单数形式一般在名词前面加上“a”或“an”，表示“一个”。如：abook，anorange（二）名词单复数的规则变换：2．以s，sh，ch，x等结尾的词加“es”如：bus→buseswatch→watchesbeach--beachesbrush--brushesbox--boxesclass--classesglass--glasseslunch—lunches3．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，变y为i加es如：baby→babiescity--cities，family--familiescountry--countries以元音字母＋y结尾的词变复数时，直接加s如：monkey→monkeysday→days，play→plays，boy→boys，toy→toys4．以o结尾的名词变复数时：1）以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词，加es如：tomato—tomatoes（西红柿）potato—potatoes（土豆）hero--heroes（英雄）Negro—negroes（黑人）2)以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词，加-s如：radio→radioszoo→zooskangaroo—kangaroos注意例外情况：photo→photospiano→pianos5.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时，先把f或fe变为v，再加es。如：wife--wives，leaf--leaveshalf—halvesknife--knivesthief--thievesshelf—shelves注意例外情况：gulf—gulfsroof--roofschief--chiefs（三）名词单复数的不规则变化：1.有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s,而是变换其中的字母，如：man--menwoman--womenpoliceman--policemenEnglishman--Englishmenfoot--feet，tooth—teeth在词尾加“en”或“ren”child--childrenox--oxen(公牛)mouse—mice老鼠2.表示某国人，通常在单数后面加s。但是中日友好不变化，英法联军a变e如：Chinese（中国人）Japanese（日本人）Englishman—Englishmen（英国人）Franch—French（法国人）3.单复数同形fish—fishsheep—sheepcattle—cattledeer—deer4.除人民币元、角、外，美元、英镑、欧元等都有复数形式。例词:adollar—twodollarsonepound—twopounds名词的表示所属关系的形式叫做名词所有格，意思为“……的”。例如：Daming’smotherisahotelmanager.其中Daming’s“大明的”，为名词所有格1）单数名词一般直接加’s例：________hatlookslikeacat.(Lucy)2）不以s结尾的复数名词加’s例：Thisshopsells___________(child)toys.3）以s/es结尾的复数名词加’例：Theyarethe_______(twin)desks.Lucy’stwins’children’s（一）表示有生命的名词所有格在名词后面加’s。其变换规律如下：（二）表示无生命的名词所有格用“of”例：1）thedooroftheclassroom（教室的门）2）thetopofthehill（山顶）4）表示两个或两个以上的人共同所有的事物时,只在最后一个名词上加’s例：Heis________________father.(KateandJim)5）表示两个或两个以上的人各自所有的事物时,每个名词后都加’s,后面的名词用复数例：____________mothersareinthesamefactory.(KateandJim)KateandJim’sKate’sandJim’s1．选出下列名词复数形式的正确拼写：1）deerA.deersB.deer2）childA.childrenB.childs3）toyA.toysB.toies4）matchA.matchesB.matchs5）leafA.leafsB.leaves6）AmericanA.AmericansB.American7）cityA.citysB.cities8）mouthA.mouthsB.mouthes9）mandoctorA.mendoctorsB.mendoctor10）babydogA.babiesdogB.babydogs答案：1._____2.____3.____4.____5.____6.____7.____8.____9.___10.___2、写出下列名词的复数形式broomcartree_____horse______bus_______fox______branch_____class_____baby______family___country____radiophoto______piano______knifeleaf__life____thief______man____woman_____child_____foot_____womanteacher________appletree________stepson_________broomscarstreeshorsesbusesfoxesbranchesclassesbabiesappletreesfeetleavesphotosfamiliesstepsonswomenteacherschildrenwomenlivespianoscountriesradiosknivesthievesmenorangeclasstextmonkey_______pianochildshelfsheep_______countryfamilytoyfoot_______Japaneseradiophotoarmy_______tomatofoxwoman_____knife_______micethanksgeesebook_______hair_______meat_______boy_______flower_______baby_______zoo_______watch_______people_______orangesclassestextsmonkeyspianosfoxesshelvessheepcountriesbooksfeettomatoesphotosfamiliesbabieshairchildrenwomenflowersarmiestoysradiosknivesgoosemeatJapanesemousethankboyspeoplewatcheszoos3.选择填空1）There_____onthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotos2）Thiskindofcar_____madeinShanghai.A.isB.areC.wereD.has3）Therearefour_____andtwo_____inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenBJapaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanD.Japanese,Germans4）That’s_____artbook.A.anB.aC.theD.areBADA5）Theboyshavegot_______already.A.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread6）Theoldmanwants_______.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples7）There_______some_______intheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish8）There_______two_______inthebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatchesCADB9）Weshouldclean_______twiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth10）The_____meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers’D.teachers11）InBritain_____areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox12）Arethese_____cars?No,theyarebuses.A.aB.anC./D.the13）Six_____areinthesixth_____.A.pen,boxB.pens,boxC.pens,boxsD.pens,boxesDCACB14）Theretwoapplesonthetable.A.areB.isC.amD./15）Aretheseyourbikes?Yes,.A.theseareB.theyareC.thoseareD.they’re16）Theyarepencils.A./B.anC.aD.this17）Howmuchdoyouhaveathome?A.riceB.bananaC.appleD.pear18）Icanseeinthebox.A.abreadB.somebreadC.somebreadsD.anybread19）Abottleoforangeonthetable.A.isB.areC.putsD.putABABAA20）Look!Somemeatinthebox.Somepearsinthebasket.A.is,isB.are,areC.is,areD.are,is21）Howmanywouldyoulike?A.orangeB.bottleoforange.C.bottlesoforange.Dabottleoforange.22）Arethese?A.bananatreeB.bananatreesC.bananastreeD.bananastrees23）booksarethereunderthedesk?A.HowmuchB.WhatC.HowmanyD.How24）Iwanttobuy.A.ashoesB.apairofshoesC.apairshoeD.pairofshoeCCBCB25）Thearerunningonthe.A.deer,grassesB.deers,grassCdeer,grass26）Howmanydoyouse